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FOSC202 > Muscle structure > Flashcards

Muscle structure Flashcards

1
Q

largest to smallest structures of meat

A

meat
muscle fibre bundles
muscle fibres
myofibrils
sacromere

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2
Q

what are sarcomeres made up of

A

actin and mysoin

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3
Q

what are myofibrils made up of

A

straight repeating sequences of sacromeres

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4
Q

what are muscle fibre bundles protected by

A

perimysium

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5
Q

what type of connective tissue surrounds the muscle

A

epimysium

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6
Q

what type of connective tissue surrounds the muscle fibers

A

endomysium

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7
Q

what are muscle fibres made up of

A

myofibrils

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8
Q

what are muscle fibre bundles made up of

A

muscle fibres

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9
Q

what are muscles made up of

A

muscle fibre bundles

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10
Q

order of connective tissues from smallest to largest

A

eipmysium
perimysium
endomysium

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11
Q

what % of myofibrillar proteins are actin thin filaments

A

22%

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12
Q

what % of myofibrillar proteins are myosin filaments

A

43%

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13
Q

what % of all muscle proteins are myosin

A

36%

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14
Q

why don’t fish need a tendinous system

A

no gravity in water

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15
Q

what are myotomes

A

W shaped segments
-muscle cell bundles that run parallel with the longitudinal line of the fish

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16
Q

what are mycommata

A

thin layers of collagenous connective tissue, attached to the skeleton and skin

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17
Q

how are myotomes connected to each other

A

through mycommata

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18
Q

three main types of muscle tissues + %

A

sarcoplasmic 6%
myofibrillar 12-14%
connective tissue 2-4%

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19
Q

solubility of the mucle tissues

A

sacroplasmic: water
myofibrillar: salt
connective tissue: insoluable

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20
Q

examples of sarcoplasmic proteinn

A

enzymes, heme, albumin

21
Q

examples of myofibrillar proteins

A

actin
myosin
titin, nebulin, desmin

22
Q

example of connective tissue proteins

A

collagen
elastin

23
Q

what does long temp low temp heat processing do to collagen

A

convert it to gelatin

24
Q

components of a single muscle cell (myofibrillar)

A

myofibrillar protein
sarcolemma
sarcoplasm
sarcoplasmic reiticulum

25
describe the myofibrillar component of a single muscle cell
actin/myosin fibrous facilitate contraction
26
describe the sarcolemma component of a single muscle cell
transmit nerve impulses to muscle fibers invaginated T-tubules ensure close contact
27
describe the sarcoplasm component of a single muscle cell
eqiv to cytoplasm contains enzymes, metabolites, myoglobin
28
describe the sarcoplasmic reticulum component of a single muscle cell
release Ca2+ when a nerve impulse reaches the muscle fibre
29
what is connective tissue
network of sheatha dn layers of film
30
examples of connective tissue networks
tendons epimysium perimysium endomysium
31
role of tendons
connect muscle to bone
32
role of epimysium
supportive sheath covering the whole muscle
33
role of the perimysium
maintains muscle fibre bundle structure -contains blood vessel and nerves
34
which types of connective tissue are continuous with one another
tendons and epimysium
35
role of the endomysium
surround every muscle fibres
36
which connective tissue is seen on a microscopic level
endomysium
37
is collagen a quality protein and why
no it has large amounts of glycine and proline neither of which are essential amino acids
38
which amino acids are responsible for the flexibility of collagen
hydroxyproline hydroxylysine
39
what happens to collagen with age
cross linking increases collagen becomes stronger
40
where do less tender cuts tend to come from
parts of the animal that support the body or do more work
41
age of premium cut cattle in NZ
2 years
42
comparison of contractile protein in mammals vs fish
70-80% in fish 40-60% in mammals
43
comparison of connective tissue in mammals vs fish
fish collagen has fewer cross-links (more easily softened) less CT because fish are supported by water
44
how is the structural arrangement of fish different to mammals
structure suits propulsion through water
45
what does poikilothermic mean
body temp varies with water temp
46
what does the being poikilothermic mean for the enzyme in fish
they are active at lower temperatures so cooling wont protect from enzymatic processes
47
why does fish have a ihgher pH than mammals after rigor mortis
fish are mostly white mucle tissue which is glycolytic meaning it reaches rigor mortis more quickly which results in a higher pH
48
what do lipid degradation and NPN cause in fish
important flaovur changes

FOSC202 (28 decks)

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