Muscle Tissue and Organization Unit 7

Question 1

What are muscle tissue composed of?

Answer 1

Muscle Cells (Muscle fibers) that exhibit specific character

Question 2

Excitability in a muscle respond to?

Answer 2

Electrical Stimuli

Question 3

Contractility in a muscle creates?

Answer 3

Contraction to move bones or propel materials inside the body

Question 4

Elasticity mean the muscles cell will?

Answer 4

Recoil to its resting length when applied tension is removed.

Question 5

Extensibility in a muscles cell is capable of what?

Answer 5

Extending in length in response to the contraction of opposing muscle cells

Question 6

Whats an example of Extensibility?

Answer 6

The triceps brachia muscle on the back of your arm extends when the biceps brachia muscle on the front of your arm contracts.

Question 7

A single muscle may be composed of ____ of cells, and each cells length is what?

Answer 7

1000

The length of the cell is as long as the muscle itself.

Question 8

The small skeletal muscle cell in a muscle that moves the tow may have the length of ___ _________ and a diameter of about __ _______?

Answer 8

100 Micrometers

10 Micrometers

Question 9

The big skeletal muscles in the anterior side of the arm may extend up to __ _________ and have a diameter of about ___ _________

Answer 9

35 Centimeters
100 Micrometers
(About the same thickness of a human hair)

Question 10

Why are skeletal muscle cells are often refereed to Muscle Fibers?

Answer 10

Because of their potentially extraordinary length.

Question 11

What is hypertrophy?

Answer 11

The increase in muscle fiber size , which often follows regular exercise.

Question 12

The body moves by pulling on bones and using them as what?

Answer 12

Levers

Question 13

How does one maintain posture?

Answer 13

By contracting specific muscle to stabilize joints so that body can be upright

Question 14

When is the Muscular of the bones and joints lost?

Answer 14

When your asleep.

Question 15

When does the temporomandibular joint Depress?

Answer 15

When your upright sleeping

Question 16

What part of your body part takes of Temperature Regulation

Answer 16

Skeletal Muscles

Question 17

How do Skeletal Muscles maintain temperature regulation?

Answer 17

By converting chemical energy (from food) to physical energy when you RUN or SHIVER.

Question 18

What are circular muscle called?

Answer 18

Sphincters

Question 19

The contraction of an opening sphincter is known as?

Answer 19

Orifices

Question 20

Where are the sphincters located?

Answer 20

Gastrointestinal and urinary tracts.

Question 21

What are the jobs of an open and closed sphincter?

Answer 21

Closed: Store the material within an organ
Opened: To facilitate movement of material

Question 22

What are the first sphincters along the gastrointestinal tract ?

Answer 22

Lips

Question 23

What are the 5 functions of the Skeletal Muscle?

Answer 23

1) Body Movement 2)Maintenances of posture 3)Temperature Regulations 4)Storage and Movement 5) Support

Question 24

How does the Skeletal Muscle tissue support the body?

Answer 24

By stabilizing the wall and helping to prevent displacement of internal structures

Question 25

What happens at the end of a muscle attachment?

Answer 25

The connective tissues Maura merge to fo m a fibrous cordlike “Tendon”, which typically attaches to the bone

Question 26

A thin flattened sheet formed by a tendon is called what?

Answer 26

Aponeurosis (Greek for sinew)

Question 27

At least how many movable joints are crossed between bones and skeletal muscles?

Answer 27

1

Question 28

Upon contraction of a muscle one of the bones usually _______ and the other bone usually ________

Answer 28

Moves | Fixed

Question 29

What an the less movable movement of a muscle called ?

Answer 29

Origin

Question 30

In limbs, she is does the origin typically lie?

Answer 30

Proximal to the insertion

Question 31

The more movable attachment of a muscles is called the ?

Answer 31

Insertion

Question 32

Where does insertion typically lay?

Answer 32

Distal to its origin

Question 33

An extensive network of blood vessels and nerve fibers extend through what ?

Answer 33

Epimysium and Perimysium

Question 34

What delivers nutrients and oxygen to the muscle fibers ?

Answer 34

Blood vessels

Question 35

What is needed for production of ATP?

Answer 35

Nutrients and oxygens delivered to muscle fibers by blood vessels

Question 36

True or False: Skeletal Muscles are part of the somatic nervous system.

Answer 36

True: meaning we can voluntarily move our muscles.

Question 37

Motor neurons are what type of neurons?

Answer 37

Efferent

Question 38

What does efferent mean?

Answer 38

Travels away from the center of activity towards the PNS

Question 39

How do muscle fibers experience atrophy?

Answer 39

If they are not periodically stimulated

Question 40

The axon travels through both the ____________ and _________ to enter the ___________ .

Answer 40

Epimysium Perimysium Endomysium

Question 41

Where does a motor neuron’s axon send a nerve impulse to an individual nerve fiber?

Answer 41

Endomysium

Question 42

Sensory neurons send impulses to what ? And what are the neurons directions called?

Answer 42

Brain and spinal cord (to inform about muscle activity) | Afferent Neurons

Question 43

Fascicles also know as ________ lie in which direction upon each other?

Answer 43

Fiber Tissues | Parellel

Question 44

How many patterns do fascicles have?

Answer 44

4

Question 45

What type of fascicles have fibers that concentrically are arranged around an opening or recess?

Answer 45

Circular Muscles

Question 46

What is an example of a Circular Muscle?

Answer 46

Sphincter (Orbicularis iris), because the contraction muscle closes off an opening.

Question 47

What do the fascicles of Parallel muscles have?

Answer 47

The fascicles run parallel to its long axis and contain a central body known as a belly.

Question 48

What happens to the Belly of the Parallel fascicles when a muscle contracts?

Answer 48

The muscle fiber increases in diameter.

Question 49

What are some examples of muscles that cause the fascicles of the parallel muscle to contract?

Answer 49

Bicep Brachii contraction, and Rectus Abdominis (six pack)

Question 50

What type of fascicles have widespread muscle fibers that converge on a common attachment site?

Answer 50

Convergent Muscles

Question 51

What do convergent muscles look like?

Answer 51

They are often rectangular shaped, and resemble a broad fan with a tendon at the tip.

Question 52

What muscle fiber usually has a tendon on the tip of it?

Answer 52

Convergent muscle.

Question 53

What is an example of a convergent muscle?

Answer 53

Pectoralis Major: (Inserts onto the proximal end of the humor)

Question 54

What does a Pennate muscle look like and why is it named so?

Answer 54

They have one or more tendons extending through their body, and the fascicles are arranged in an oblique angle to the tendon. The are names do because their tendons and muscle fibers remember that of a feather.

Question 55

In a Pennate muscle, what terms describe the muscle being on the Same Side and on Both Sides?

Answer 55

Same side: Unipennate | Both sides: Bipennate

Question 56

What is more common, Unipennate or Bipennate?

Answer 56

Bipennate (Pennate Fascicles)

Question 57

In the Pennate muscle fibers, if the tendon branches within the muscle it is called what?

Answer 57

Multipennate Muscle

Question 58

What is an example of a Multipennate Muscle?

Answer 58

Deltoid muscle ( covers the superior surface of the shoulder joint)

Question 59

What is Biomechanics ?

Answer 59

The practice of applying mechanical principles to biology

Question 60

What is the deffiniton of a lever in terms of Biomechanics?

Answer 60

An elongated rigid object that rotates around a fixed point called the fulcrum (Think See-Saw)

Question 61

In a lever, the part of the fulcrum to the point of effort is called what?

Answer 61

The effort arm. (The light part of the seesaw: in the air)

Question 62

What part is the resistance arm in a lever?

Answer 62

The part of the fulcrum to the point of resistant (The heavy part of the seesaw: on the ground)

Question 63

What type of bones act as a lever in your body?

Answer 63

Long bones

Question 64

Long bones act as the _________, the joint serves as the ________, and the effort is generated by what?

Answer 64

Resistance, Fulcrum, The muscle attached to the bone.

Question 65

True or False: | When thinking of the muscle as generating effort, we realize that therefor is where the body of the muscle is located.

Answer 65

False: | Where the muscle attaches to the bone!

Question 66

How many kind of levers are there?

Answer 66

3

Question 67

What is the arrangement of the three kind of levers?

Answer 67

First Class (#1) Fulcrum in the middle Second class (#2) Resistance is in the middle Third Class (#3) Effort is in the middle Use: FRE 123

Question 68

What kind of levers have the Fulcrum in between Effort and Resistance?

Answer 68

First Class (similar to seesaw)

Question 69

What is an example of a First Class lever?

Answer 69

Atlanto-occiptial bone joint of the neck.

Question 70

In the atlanto-occipitle joint, what action does it do?

Answer 70

Posterior side of the neck pull inferiorly on the nuchal line of the occipital bone, and Oppose the tendency fo the head tipping anteriorly ?

Question 71

What is another example of pulling for the First Class lever?

Answer 71

Triceps brachii muscle on the olecranon process to extend the elbow.

Question 72

What are the lengths of the effort arm and resistance in the instant of the Triceps brachia pulling?

Answer 72

The effort arm is very short, and the resistance arm is very long.

Question 73

Where are the R, E, and F in the Second Class Lever?

Answer 73

Resistance is between the Fulcrum and the Effort( think handles of a wheelbarrow)

Question 74

What is an example fo the Second Class Lever?

Answer 74

Contraction of the calf muscle to elevate the body onto the ball of the foot (distal ends of metatarsals) .

Question 75

In the contraction of the Calf muscle, what makes the body parts create the action?

Answer 75

Body Weight (R) is between the Fulcrum which is created by the distal ends of the metatarsals and the Effort created by the calf muscles pulling the heel.

Question 76

Where are the position of E,F and R in Third Class levers ?

Answer 76

E is between the R and F (Think of a draw bridge)

Question 77

True or False: The Third class lever is the most common type of lever system in the body?

Answer 77

True

Question 78

What is an example of a Third Class lever?

Answer 78

flexion of the elbow and elevation of the mandible to bite off a piece of food.

Question 79

Do Skeletal muscles work in isolation?

Answer 79

No, they work together to produce movement.

Question 80

How are muscles grouped by?

Answer 80

According to their primary actions

Question 81

What are the three muscles groups?

Answer 81

Agonist, antagonist, and Synergist

Question 82

A prime mover or _________ muscle contract to produce a particular movement, what is an example of this movement?

Answer 82

Agonist, | Triceps brachii muscle causing extension of the forearm.

Question 83

What type of muscles action opposes those of the agonist, such as the bicep brachia muscle causing flexion of the forearm?

Answer 83

Antagonist Muscle

Question 84

What muscle enables us to control the speed of the agonist to allow smooth movement?

Answer 84

The opposing muscle movement: Antagonist

Question 85

What does a Synergist muscle do?

Answer 85

Assist the primer mover (agonist) in performing its action

Question 86

What as an example of a Synergist muscle?

Answer 86

Tres Major muscle assisting the latissimus doors in move the arm.

Question 87

At what age does a slow progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass being? (As a direct result of increasing inactivity)

Answer 87

30s

Question 88

As Skeletal muscle mass being to decrease so do the ___ and _____ of all muscle tissue also decrease.

Answer 88

Size, | Power

Question 89

What is muscle mass usually replaced by? (2)

Answer 89

Adipose tissue (fat) or fibrous connective tissue.

Question 90

What filaments within muscle cells cause the muscle cells (muscle fibers) to diminish in size (atrophy) ?

Answer 90

Contractile Filaments

Question 91

Aging affects muscular systems in which way?

Answer 91

1) Overall, muscle strength and endurance are impaired (easy fatigue) 2) Decrease cardiovascular performance often accompanies again, thus leading to poorer delivery of oxygen and nutrients to muscle cells.

Question 92

True or False: | Tolerance for exercise increases with aging and rapid endurance occurs?

Answer 92

False: | Tolerance for exercise decreases with again and rapid fatigue occurs

Question 93

With aging, how does muscle tissue act in recovery?

Answer 93

It has reduced capacity to recover from disease or injury with age.

Question 94

What is the term for elasticity of muscle decreasing causing and increase in amount of dense regular connective tissue?

Answer 94

Fibrosis

Question 95

What helps with deteriorating muscles ?

Answer 95

Delation can be regulated by moderate exercise, couple with good nutrient.