Unit 10

Question 1

What does our nervous system allow us to sense?

Answer 1

Homeostasis

Question 2

How many nervous systems are there?

Answer 2

One

Question 3

CNS process and evaluates which responds to what?

Answer 3

Motor nuerons –> in PNS to Effectors (muscles or glands)

Question 4

Nervous system has tow functional divisions of the nervous system:

Answer 4

Sensory and motor division.

Question 5

What does afferent mean?

Answer 5

Inflowing or towards the century of activity

Question 6

Is sensory division afferent or efferent ?

Answer 6

Afferent )receiving sensory information from receptors and transmitting this information.

Question 7

True or False: The sensory division contains both PNS and CNS components?

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Explain the Somatic Sensory and Visceral Sensor:

Answer 8

Somatic: components are the general somatic sense; touch, pain, pressure, temperatures and proprioception VOLUNTARY

Question 9

What are the two distinct cell types from nervous tissue?

Answer 9

Neurons: excitable cells that initiate and transmit nerve impulse
Glia: nonexcitabel cells that support and protect the neurons.

Question 10

Give some facts of Neurons:

Answer 10

• High metabolic rate, and supply of O2 and Nutrients
• Extreme longevity and often survive form initial development in the womb to old age
• Neurogenesis

Question 11

T/F: The cell body serves as the neurons control center and is reusable for transmitting impulses?

Answer 11

False: responsible for receiving, integrating, and sending nerve impulses (it also contains nucleus and many mitochondria)

Question 12

What do Cytoplasmic projection are called what?

Answer 12

dendrites (tree) and they conductive nerve impulses toward the cell body

Question 13

Are all axons cytoplasmic projections?

Answer 13

Yes

Question 14

What way do Axons transmit impulses?

Answer 14

Away from the cell body

Question 15

Where are the Sensory (afferent) neurons located?

Answer 15

outside the CNS to muscles or glands

Question 16

Motor (efferent) neurons cell bodies are located mostly where?

Answer 16

in the spinal chord, whereas the axons primarily travel in the cranial or spinal nerves to muscles and glands.

Question 17

What estimation is given for how many interneurons are in our body?

Answer 17

99%

Question 18

What is referred to as neuroglia and is found in the CNS and PNS.

Answer 18

Glial Cells

Question 19

How do Glial cells differ?

Answer 19

They are smalls and capable of mitosis erecting theme and by providing a suppuration framework, unlike neurons.

Question 20

Do glial cells transmit impulses ?

Answer 20

No

Question 21

Name the 4 different types of Glial Cells

Answer 21

Astrocytes, Ependymal, Microglia, and Oligodendrocytes.

Question 22

What is the most abundant glial cells?

Answer 22

Astrocytes

Question 23

What Glial Cells wrap around the capillaries in the brain?

Answer 23

Astrocytes

Question 24

What is BBB made of?

Answer 24

Capillaries and astrocytes (which are less leaky).

Question 25

What does the BBB do?

Answer 25

Protects the delicate brain from toxins (certain waist products and some drugs)

Question 26

What Glial class line the internal cavities (ventricles) fo the brain and central canal of the pistol cord?

Answer 26

Ependymal

Question 27

What do the Ependymal cells and nearby the blood capillaries create?

Answer 27

Choroid plexus cells

Question 28

What cells create the CSF?

Answer 28

The choroid plexus

Question 29

Where does CSF reside?

Answer 29

the CNS and fills its internal cavities.

Question 30

What helps circulate the CSF?

Answer 30

Ependymal cells that have cilia on their surface the help circulate the CSF

Question 31

What type of Glial cells are wandering phagocytic cells and remove cellular debris thought the CNS

Answer 31

Microglial (small) cells

Question 32

Which type of Glial cell are large cells with slender cytoplasmic processes that ensheath portions of axons by repeatedly wrapping around an axon like electrical tape wrapped around a wire.

Answer 32

Oligodendrocytes

Question 33

What two types of glial cells are in the PNS, and explain their function.

Answer 33

Satellite cells: flattened cells arranged around neuronal cell bodies in ganglia and help regulate the movement of nutrients and waste products between neurons and environment. -Shawn Cells: responsible for myelinating PNS axons.

Question 34

What do you call a cable-like bundle of parallel axons.

Answer 34

Nerve

Question 35

Name the nerves and the functions fo the PNS:

Answer 35

-Sensory nerves: convey sensory info to the central nervous system and all axons are conducting impulses in the same direction -Motor Nerves: convey motor impulses from the centra nervous system to the muscles and glands and all the axons are conducting impulses in the same direction. -Mixed nerves: Carry both types of information and some axons are transmitting impulses in one direction, while other axons are transmitting impulses in the opposite direction.

Question 36

When does nervous tissue develop in the embryo?

Answer 36

During the third week of development

Question 37

What appears in the developing tissue and causes fusion along the midline to form a neural tube?

Answer 37

Neural Groove.

Question 38

Where is the neural tube located?

Answer 38

Has an opening near the future head and an opening near the future buttocks.

Question 39

What is neural tube defect?

Answer 39

When openings do not close.

Question 40

What two projections happen during the developing neural tube of the CNS?

Answer 40

- The cranial part of the neural tube expansion to form the brain - The caudal part of the neural tube expanse to form the spinal cord.