Muscle Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

An entire skeletal muscle is surrounded by _________.

A

epimysium

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2
Q

A motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it supplies is called a(n) _________.

A

motor unit

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3
Q

What does not occur during skeletal muscle contraction?

A

Calcium binds to myosin heads.

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4
Q

What is the ion released from the terminal cisternae that combines with troponin and removes the blocking action of tropomyosin, resulting in the formation of cross bridges?

A

Ca^(2+)

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5
Q

Each skeletal muscle fiber is controlled by a neuron at a single________.

A

Neuromuscular junction

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6
Q

Description of the composition of the structure known as a triad in a skeletal muscle fiber

A

terminal cisterna, transverse tubule, and terminal cistern.

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7
Q

In the sliding filament model of muscle contraction, the myofilaments slide over each other, resulting in the overlapping of actin and _______.

A

myosin

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8
Q

The dense layer of collagen fibers that surround an entire skeletal muscle is the ________.

A

epimysium

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9
Q

The functional unit of contraction in a skeletal muscle fiber is the ______.

A

sarcomere

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10
Q

The space between the neuron and the muscle is the _______.

A

synaptic cleft

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11
Q

The term that means a continued mild or partial contraction of a muscle that keeps it healthy and ready to respond is muscle _________.

A

tone

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12
Q

The type of muscle contraction in which the muscle fibers produce increased tension, but the muscle neither shortens nor lengthens, is called __________.

A

isometric

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13
Q

What do you know about the fibers in smooth muscle tissue?

A

fibers are small and spindle-shaped

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14
Q

What substance increases in quantity during repetitive muscle contraction during oxygen deficit?

A

lactic acid

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15
Q

The sequence of electrical changes that occurs along the sarcolemma when a muscle fiber is stimulated is known as the _______.

A

action potential

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16
Q

What binds calcium ions in a smooth muscle, causing contractions?

A

calmodulin

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17
Q

Elasticity refers to the ability of a muscle fiber to _________.

A

recoil and resume its resting length after being stretched

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18
Q

What muscle in the arm is voluntary?

A

The muscle that extends the arm at the elbow

19
Q

A sarcomere is part of a(n)________.

A

myofibril

20
Q

“cross bridges” that link between the thick and thin filaments are formed by the __________.

A

globular head of thick filaments

21
Q

The alternating contraction and relaxation of opposing layers of smooth muscle is referred to as ________.

A

peristalsis

22
Q

What characteristic is unique to smooth muscle?

A

the absence of striations

23
Q

T or F

Cardiac muscle control is voluntary

A

False

24
Q

T or F

Communication between neurons and skeletal muscle fibers occurs at specialized junctions called neuromuscular junctions.

A

True

25
Q

T or F

Cross bridges are formed by the actin molecules.

A

False

26
Q

T or F

During the recovery period after exercise, the body’s need for oxygen is increased.

A

True

27
Q

T or F
In isotonic contractions, the muscle changes in length and the tension remains constant through most of the contractile period.

A

True

28
Q

T or F

Lactic acid is an end product of anaerobic fermentation that contributes to muscle fatigue.

A

True

29
Q

T or F
Muscles that exert very fine control (such as the muscles controlling movements of the fingers and eyes) have large motor units.

A

False

30
Q

T or F

One of the functions of the smooth muscle tissue is to force blood from the heart into the major arteries.

A

False

31
Q

T or F

The area of the sarcomere that contains only thin and elastic filaments is the I band.

A

True

32
Q

T or F

The neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscle is acetylcholine.

A

True

33
Q

T or F
The sequence of events that forms the link between electrical activity in the sarcolemma and the initiation of a contraction is called excitation-contraction coupling.

A

True

34
Q

T or F

The skeletal muscle complex known as the triad consists of the transverse tubule and the terminal cisternae.

A

True

35
Q

T or F

The space between the neuron and the muscle is the axon terminal.

A

False

36
Q

T or F

The type of muscle fiber that is most resistant to fatigue is the fast fiber.

A

False

37
Q

T or F

Thick filaments consist mainly of the protein actin.

A

False

38
Q

T or F

Cross bridges occur when myosin heads combine with the binding sites on actin.

A

True

39
Q

T or F

Cross bridge attachment to actin requires K+.

A

False

40
Q

T or F
In the initial stages of repolarization, the ionic conditions are restored, returning the membrane to its resting potential.

A

False

41
Q

T or F

Ca++ is essential for skeletal muscle contraction.

A

True

42
Q

T or F

Subthreshold stimuli result in only a small amount of muscle response movement.

A

False

43
Q

T or F

At maximal stimulus, the muscle is contracting at full strength and all motor units are recruited.

A

True