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Anatomy > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main functions of a nervous system?

A
  1. Receive sensory input
  2. Integrate the input
  3. Respond to stimuli
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2
Q

What structures comprise the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

A

Brain & Spinal Cord

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3
Q

Sensory and motor neurons are collectively called the ______

A

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

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4
Q

The structural and functional unit of the nervous system is the _____

A

Neuron

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5
Q

What are the five main parts of a neuron?

A
  1. Cell body
  2. Dendrites
  3. Axon
  4. Axon terminals
  5. Myelin sheith
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6
Q

The site of contact between a synaptic terminal of a neuron and a target, such as another neuron, a muscle cell, or a gland, is called a _____

A

Synapse

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7
Q

What is the minimum number of neurons that can make up a “reflex arc,” and what would these neurons be?

A

2; there must be at least ONE sensory and ONE motor neuron

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8
Q

What are “interneurons”?

A

connections within the CNS

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9
Q

Supporting cells are called _____

A

Neuroglia (Glial cell)

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10
Q

What cells form the insulating sheaths around axons and where are they found?

A

Schwann cells; PNS

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11
Q

In a neuron, an action potential can only be generated ______

A

in ONE direction

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12
Q

The “motor division” of the peripheral nervous system is divided into two functional divisions, called the ______ and ______ nervous systems

A

Somatic

Autonomic

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13
Q

The somatic nervous system carries signals to ____

A

Muscles

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14
Q

The autonomic nervous system carries signals to ____

A

Organs

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15
Q

What are the spinal meninges?

A

Membranes that surround and protect brain and spinal cord

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16
Q

What are the 3 meningeal layers?

A

From touching the brain out,

  1. Dura Mater
  2. Arachmoid
  3. Pia Mater
17
Q

What are reflexes?

A

Rapid, predictable, and involuntary responses to stimuli

18
Q

List the three major parts of the brain

A
  1. Cerebrum
  2. Cerebellum
  3. Brain Stem
19
Q

Differentiate between gyri and sulci

A 
Gyri = meaty ridges
Sulci = grooves
20
Q

Identify the lobes of the cerebrum

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Parietal
  3. Temporal
  4. Occipital
21
Q

What functions are associated with the cerebrum?

A

“control center” - voluntary activities

22
Q

Why is white matter white?

A

Mylinated axons; has myelin

23
Q

What are some characteristics of people who are left v. right brain dominant?

A

Left:
Analytical, mathematical, thinks in parts
Right:
Creative, artistic, thinks in whole

24
Q

What are the purposes of the ventricles in the brain?

A

cerebralspinal fluid production

25
Q

What are 3 parts of the diencephalon?

A
  1. Thalamus
  2. Hypothalamus
  3. Epithalamus
26
Q

Describe the function of the thalamus and hypothalamus

A

Thalamus:
Switching station for sensory input
Hypothalamus:
Control center for hunger, thirst, fatigue, anger, and body temperature

27
Q

Which minor part of the diencephalon controls emotions?

A

Amygdala

28
Q

What is the job of the cerebellum?

A

Involuntary actions e.g. muscle movements and balance

29
Q

List the 4 parts of the brain stem

A
  1. Medulla Oblongata
  2. Pons
  3. Midbrain
  4. diencephalon
30
Q

List the functions of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

A

MB- “mini brain” hearing & vision
Pons- links cerebral cortex and cerebellum
MO- involuntary functions - heart rate & breathing

31
Q

List the Cranial Nerves (12) and their functions

A
  1. Olfactory
  2. Optic
  3. Oculomotor
  4. Trochlear
  5. trigeminal
  6. Abducens
  7. Facial
  8. Vestibulococholear
  9. Glossopharyngeal
  10. Vagus
  11. Accessory
  12. Hypoglossal
32
Q

What are the two major fissures and what do they separate?

A
  1. Longitudinal - brain hemispheres

2. Transverse - cerebrum & cerebellum

Anatomy (5 decks)

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