Muscles

Question 1

What are the three types of muscle?

Answer 1

Cardiac, Smooth, and Skeletal

Question 2

How are muscles described when looked at under a microscope?

Answer 2

Striated, Spindle, and non-striated

Question 3

What are Smooth Muscles

Answer 3

Small spindle shaped fibers.
no distinctive markings.
not attached to bone
don’t tire easily
involuntary and controlled by automated nervous system
remain contracted for periods of time

Question 4

Where are smooth muscle located?

Answer 4

They are located in internal organs such as the stomach, intestines, uterus, bladder, and blood vessels

Question 5

What are cardiac muscles?

Answer 5

Cardiac muscles are located in the heart
Striated and Branched
Involuntary
Cells are fused together by intercalated discs

Question 6

What are Skeletal Muscle?

Answer 6

Muscles that connect to bone
Striped or Striated due to light and dark bands running perpendicular to the muscle
Voluntary muscle
Contract easily and fatigue quickly

Question 7

What is a muscle fiber?

Answer 7

One muscle cell

Question 8

What is the Sarcolemma and Sarcoplasm

Answer 8

The sarcolemma is the muscle cell membrane and sarcoplasm is the material inside the cell except for the nucleus.

Question 9

What are the 4 characteristics of muscles?

Answer 9

Contractability
Excitability
Extensibility
Elasticity

Question 10

What is contractability?

Answer 10

The ability to shorten or contract

Question 11

What is Excitability and Action potential?

Answer 11

Response to stimuli aka irritability.
Action potential- the ability to respond to stimuli producing an electric signal.

Question 12

What is Extensibility?

Answer 12

The ability to be stretched.

Question 13

What is Elasticity?

Answer 13

The ability to come back to original length after being stretched.

Question 14

Fast Twitch muscle fiber

Answer 14

Doesn’t use oxygen for energy anaerobic
Best for explosive movements
Fatigue quickly
Best suited for: short bursts of energy

Question 15

Slow twitch muscle fiber

Answer 15

Efficient in using oxygen (aerobic)
Delayed muscle firing
Do NOT fatigue easily
Best suited for endurance sports

Question 16

How many muscles are there?

Answer 16

Over 650

Question 17

Skeletal Muscle Functions

Answer 17

Produce heat when they move
Majority attach to bone for leverage in order to pull
Exert force in order to move at joints
Muscles attache to tendons

Question 18

What is the Origin, Insertion, and Belly of a muscle?

Answer 18

Origin- part of muscle that attaches to a fixed part of bone
Insertion- part of muscle attached to a moveable part (such as the radius)
Belly- the central body of the muscle

Question 19

What are Prime Mover and Antagonist

Answer 19

Muscles come in pairs The prime mover moves in one direction (usually contracted) and the antagonist moves in the other direction (usually extended)

Question 20

Muscles contract because of what 2 events?

Answer 20

Myoneural stimulation and Contraction of Muscle proteins

Question 21

Isotonic contraction vs. isoetric contraction

Answer 21

Isotonic contraction is when the muscle contracts and shorten
Isometric Contraction is where the muscle tension increases but doesn’t shorten (trying to lift something heavy but it wont move)

Question 22

Muscle Atrophy

Answer 22

Loss of muscle through disease or lack of use

Question 23

Muscle Hypertrophy

Answer 23

An increase in Muscle Mass

Question 24

Strains

Answer 24

Twisting or pulling of a muscle

Question 25

Acute vs. Chronic Strain

Answer 25

Acute is from a tramautic blow or improper lifting techniques
Chronic is from overuse