muscles

Question 1

muscle

Answer 1

contractile tissue of human body (skeletal, smooth, cardiac)

Question 2

skeletal

Answer 2

voluntary muscles that from the main bulk of the body, producing movements of the skeleton.
- they are striated meaning they have dark and light bands.
- the proximal attachment of the muscle is the origin and the distal is the insertion
- rapid contractions
e.g. limbs

Question 3

smooth

Answer 3

involuntary, plain and nonstriated — controlled by autonomic nervous system forming the walls of the viscera e.g. GIT, urinary, genital system.
- slow contraction

Question 4

cardiac

Answer 4

striated, involuntary movements controlled by the autonomic nervous system. they form the myocardium of the heart

Question 5

ways of attachment of a skeletal muscle

Answer 5

• tendon — aponeurosis — raphae — fleshy fibers

Question 6

tendon

Answer 6

fibrous cord e.g. tendocalcaneus

Question 7

aponeurosis

Answer 7

flat fibrous sheet e.g. external abdominal oblique aponeurosis

Question 8

raphae

Answer 8

fibrous band separating fleshy muscle fibers on wither side e.g. pharyngeal raphae

Question 9

fleshy fibers

Answer 9

e.g. poplieus muscle

Question 10

shapes of skeletal muscles

Answer 10

parallel, oblique, spiral, cruciate, circular

Question 11

parallel fibers

Answer 11

provide wide range of movements but less force

• quadrilateral
• fusiform
• straps
• strap-like with tendinous intersections

Question 12

quadrilateral

Answer 12

quadratus lumborum

Question 13

fusiform

Answer 13

biceps

Question 14

strap-like

Answer 14

sartorius

Question 15

strap-like with tendinous intersections

Answer 15

rectus abdominis

Question 16

oblique fibers

Answer 16

the range of movement is less than the parallel fibers but more force
1) pennate muscles
2) triangular

Question 17

unipennate

Answer 17

fibers are along one side of the tendon (half feather) e.g. flexor pollicis longus

Question 18

bipennate

Answer 18

the tendon is in the middle and fibers are on both sides e.g. dorsal interosseii and rectus femoris

Question 19

multipennate

Answer 19

series of bipennates e.g. deltoid

Question 20

circumpennate

Answer 20

the fibers converge on a tendon e.g. tibialis anterior

Question 21

triangular muscles

Answer 21

muscle fibers converge from wide attachment of a narrow tendon e.g. temporalis

Question 22

spiral muscles

Answer 22

when they contract, they approximate their attachments, bringing them into the same plane and may be twisted e.g. trapezius

Question 23

cruciate

Answer 23

muscles fibers are made up of two or more planes in which they run in different directions e.g. sternomastoid

Question 24

circular

Answer 24

muscle fibers form a complete circle e.g. orbicularis oculi

Question 25

prime mover

Answer 25

muscle that initiates the movement, also called the agonist

Question 26

antagonist

Answer 26

muscle that produces the opposite actions of the agonist

Question 27

synergistic

Answer 27

if the prime movers can move two joints and the movement of one is unwanted, the movement os the unwanted joint is prevented by these synergists

Question 28

fixation

Answer 28

muscle stabilize the origin of the prone mover so it can act efficiently