Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy II > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Endomysium?

A

Fine layer of areolar connective tissue that surrounds each muscle fibre (cell)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the Perimysium?

A

dense irregular CT sheet around
fascicles (groups of muscle
fibers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the Epimysium?

A

dense, irregular fibrous CT that
surrounds the whole muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Deep fascia?

A

still coarser layer of dense connective tissue that binds muscles
into functional groups e.g. hamstrings are separated from quadriceps by deep
fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a parallel arrangement of fascicles?

A

Arranged parallel to the long axis of the muscle. Can be strap like (sartorius) or fusiform (biceps).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a pennate arrangement of fascicles?

A

Short facicles run obliquely to the central tendon (like a feather and its central spine). Can be unipennate, bipennate and multipennate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a circular arrangement of fascicles?

A

Circlular faciscles around an opening to contract and expand to close and open (mouth: orbicularis oris).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a convergent arrangement of fascicles?

A

Fascicles converge towards a single tendon like pectoralis major.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the functional groups of muscles and what are the roles of each?

A

Prime mover (agonist) - major force for a particular movement (brachialis in elbow movement)
Antagonist - can provide opposite movement to prime mover, limit overextenstion and speed. Can also act as the prime mover for another action
Synergists - Help prime mover, stabalize and can also act as fixators (involved in posture)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 8 classifications used to name muscles?

A
  1. Muscle location
  2. Muscle shape
  3. Muscle size
  4. Direction of fascicles
  5. Number of origins
  6. Location of attatchments (origin first)
  7. Muscle action
  8. Several criteria can be combined
    Example: extensor carpi radialis longus
    action: extends, origin: carpals, insertion: radius,
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where is the Epicranius and what is the form and function?

A

Located on the head. It is bipartis (2 parts): frontal belly (frontalis) and the occipital belly (occipitalis). Used to raise eyebrows and wrinke forehead, as well as fixes aponeurosis and pulls scalp posteriorly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where is the Platysma and what is the form and function?

A

Located from the chest to the mandible. Tenses the skin of the neck helps depress the mandible.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is the Orbicularis oculi and what is the form and function?

A

Circular muscle around the eye that blinks, squints and helps draw eyebrows inferiorly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where is the Orbicularis oris and what is the form and function?

A

Circular muscles around the lips used to close, open, purses and portrudes the lips. It is also multi-layered.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where is the Mentalis and what is the form and function?

A

V-shaped pair from the mandible to the chin used to portrudes lower lip and wrinkles chin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is the Zygomaticus and what is the form and function?

A

Zygomatic bone to corner of mouth used to smile :)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where is the Buccinator and what is the form and function?

A

Mandible/maxilla to orb. oris deep to the masseter. Used for whistling, sucking and to hold food in place while chewing. Very important for young children.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the muscles involved in tongue movement and what are their descriptions?

A

Genioglossus: mandible to inferior tongue and hyoid bone. Primary mover of tounge protrusion. Also anchors the tongue.
Styloglossus: styloid process of temporal bone to inferolateral tongue. Retracts and elevated tongue.
Hypoglossus: hyoid bone to inferolateral tongue. Depresses the tongue, especially lateral margins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the muscles involved in massication and what are their descriptions?

A

Masseter: prime mover of jaw closure from zygomatic arch and bone to angle and ramus of mandible.
Temporalis: temporal fossa to coronoid process of mandible. Elevates and retracts mandible (closes jaw) and keeps jaw closed at rest.
Medial and Lateral Pterygoid: pterygoid process to sphenoid of mandible. Additional jaw movements (side to side grinding movements).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What muscles move the eye?

A

Lateral rectus: moves eye laterally
Medial rectus: moves eye medially
Superior rectus: elevates eye and turns it medially
Inferior rectus: Depresses eye and turns it medially
Inferior oblique: Elevates eye and turns it laterally.
Superior oblique: Depresses eye and turns it laterally.

21
Q

What are the muscles of the neck and what are their descriptions.

A

Sternocleidomastoid: clavicle to mastoid process of temporal bone. It is 2 headed deep to the platysma. Prime movers of head flexion (life head when lying down). Also tilts head with action from only one.
Scalenes: cervical vetebrae to first 2 ribs. More deep and lateral to platysma and SCM. Elevated first 2 ribs and rotates neck. Aids in inspiration.
Spenius: vertebrae to mastoid process of temporal bone. Superficial bandage bone. Head extension on both sides or just one which causes rotation.

22
Q

What are the muscles of the spine and what are their decriptions?

A

Erector spinae: prime mover of back extension. Consists of the iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis. Resists leaning forward and brings you back to an upright position.
Semispinalis: deeper, composite muscle from thoratic region to head. Extends and rotates. Synergistic with SCM muscles.
Quadratus lumborum: from the iliac crest to the lumbar vertebrae. Flex individually to flex veterbral collumn laterally, together to extend lumbar vertebrae. Maintain upright posture.

23
Q

What are the muscles of respiration and what are their descriptions?

A

External intercostals: inferior border of rib above to superior border of rib below. Pulls ribs together to elevate rib cage.
Interal intercostals: perpendicular to external intercostals. Draws ribs together to depress rib cage.
Diaphragm: floor of thoratic cavity. Prime mover of inspiration, increases and decreases volume of cavity for breathing.

24
Q

What are the muscles of the abdominal wall and what are their descriptions?

A

Rectus abdominis: Pubis to rib cage, lumbar rotation and depresses ribs. Stablizes pelvis while walking.
External oblique: lateral and superficial. Increases abdominal pressure and provides rotation.
Internal oblique: same but deeper.
Tranversus abdominis: deepest muscle, provides compression.

25
Q

What muscles make up the pelvis diaphram?

A

Levatator ani and coccygeus.

26
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior thorax and what are their descriptions?

A

Subclavius: rib 1 to clavicle to stabalize the pectoral girdle.
Pectoralis minor: rib 3-5 to scapula. Draws scapula forward and down.
Serratus anterior: Holds scapula to chest wall.

27
Q

What are the muscles of the posterior thorax and what are their descriptions?

A

Trapezius: spine to scapula, move the scapula
Levatator scapula: c1-4 to scapula, raises and lowers scapula.
Rhomboids: deep to trapezius, aids in scapula movement.

28
Q

What are the 3 prime movers of the arm?

A

Pectoralis major, Latissius dorsi, Deltoid.

29
Q

What are the rotator cuff muscles?

A

Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, Subscapularis

30
Q

What are the anterior flexor muscles in the arm?

A

Biceps brachii, brachioradialis and brachialis.

31
Q

What is the posterior extensor muscle in the arm?

A

Triceps brachii

32
Q

Describe the muscles of the forearm.

A

Most anterior muscles are flexors inserted via the flexor retinaculum. Most posterior muscles are extensors inserted via the extensor rentinaculum.

33
Q

What muscles in the forearm are powerful flexors of the wrist and hand adductors?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi radialis

34
Q

What muscle flexes the middle part of the fingers and flexes the wrist?

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

35
Q

What muscle flexes the thumb?

A

Flexor pollicius longus

36
Q

What muscles extends the fingers and thumb?

A

Extensor digitorum and extensor polliicis longus/brevis

37
Q

What is the prime mover of hip flexion?

A

Iliopsoas

38
Q

What muscle extends the knee?

A

Quadriceps femoris

39
Q

What muscle flexes and laterally rotates the thigh?

A

Sartorius

40
Q

What 3 muscles make up the hamstrings?

A

Biceps femoris, Semitendiousus and Semimembranousus

41
Q

What is the primary mover of thigh extension and knee flexion?

A

The hamstrings

42
Q

What is the prime mover of toe extension?

A

Extensor digitorum longus

43
Q

What is the prime mover of dorsiflexion in the leg?

A

Tibialis anterior

44
Q

What are the 2 muscles responsible for plantar flexion?

A

Gastronemius and Soleus

45
Q

What tendon do the gastronemius and soleus attach to, which then attaches to the ankle? (largest tendon in the body)

A

Calcaneal (Achilles tendon)

46
Q

What is the primary mover of foot eversion?

A

Tibialis posterior

47
Q

What muscles move the toes?

A

Flexor/Extensor digitorum longus and Flexor/Extensor hallucis longus

48
Q

What 2 muscles are known collectively as the iliopsoas?

A

Iliacus and psoas major

Anatomy II (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions