Muscles Flashcards
(258 cards)
1
Q
ACTION: EXTENSOR HALLUCIS LONGUS
A
· Extend the first toe
· Dorsiflex the ankle
· Invert the foot
2
Q
ACTION: PLANTARIS
A
· Weak plantar flexion of the ankle
· Weak flexion of the knee
3
Q
ACTION: FLEXOR HALLUCIS LONGUS
A
· Flex the first toe · Weak plantar flexion of the ankle · Invert the foot
4
Q
ACTION: FLEXOR DIGITORUM LONGUS
A
· Flex the second through fifth toes · Weak plantar flexion of the ankle · Invert the foot
5
Q
ACTION: TIBIALIS POSTERIOR
A
· Invert the foot · Plantar flex the ankle
6
Q
ACTION: FIBULARIS BREVIS
A
· Evert the foot · Assist to plantar flex the ankle
7
Q
ACTION: EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS
A
· Extend the second through fifth toes · Dorsiflex the ankle · Evert the foot
8
Q
ACTION: TIBIALIS ANTERIOR
A
· Invert the foot
· Dorsiflex the ankle
9
Q
ACTION: FIBULARIS LONGUS
A
· Evert the foot · Assist to plantar flex the ankle
10
Q
ACTION: POPLITEUS
A
· Medially rotate the flexed knee · Flex the knee
11
Q
ACTION: SOLEUS
A
· Plantar flex the ankle
12
Q
ACTION: GASTROCNEMIUS
A
· Flex the knee
· Plantar flex the ankle
13
Q
ACTION: FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS
A
· Flex the second through fifth fingers (metacarpophalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints) · Assist to flex the wrist
14
Q
ACTION: EXTENSOR DIGITORUM
A
· Extend the second through fifth fingers
(metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints)
· Assist to extend the wrist
15
Q
ACTION: FLEXOR DIGITORUM SUPERFICIALIS
A
· Flex the second through fifth fingers (metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints) · Flex the wrist
16
Q
ACTION: FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS
A
· Flex the wrist · Adduct the wrist · Assist to flex the elbow
17
Q
ACTION: EXTENSOR CARPI ULNARIS
A
· Extend the wrist
· Adduct the wrist
18
Q
ACTION:
EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS BREVIS
A
· Extend the wrist
· Abduct the wrist
· Assist to flex the elbow
19
Q
ACTION: EXTENSOR INDICIS
A
· Extend the second finger · Adduct the second finger · May assist to extend the wrist
20
Q
ACTION: PALMARIS LONGUS
A
· Tense the palmar fascia · Flex the wrist · May assist to flex the elbow
21
Q
ACTION:
EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS LONGUS
A
· Extend the wrist
· Abduct the wrist
· Assist to flex the elbow
22
Q
ACTION: FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS
A
· Flex the wrist · Abduct the wrist · May assist to flex the elbow
23
Q
ACTION: DELTOID
A
All fibers:
· Abduct the shoulder
Anterior fibers:
· Flex the shoulder
· Medially rotate the shoulder
· Horizontally adduct the shoulder
Posterior fibers:
· Extend the shoulder
· Laterally rotate the shoulder
· Horizontally abduct the shoulder
24
Q
ORIGIN: DELTOID
A
· Lateral 1/3 of clavicle
· Acromion
· Spine of scapula
25
INSERTION: DELTOID
Deltoid tuberosity
26
ACTION: RHOMBOID MINOR
· Adduct the scapula · Elevate the scapula · Downwardly rotate the scapula
27
ORIGIN: RHOMBOID MINOR
· Spinous processes of C-7 and T-1
28
INSERTION: RHOMBOID MINOR
· Upper portion of medial border of scapula, across from spine of scapula
29
ACTION: TRAPEZIUS
Upper fibers:
Bilaterally:
· Extend the head and neck
Unilaterally:
· Laterally flex the head and neck to the same side
· Rotate the head and neck to the opposite side
· Elevate the scapula
· Upwardly rotate the scapula
Middle fibers:
· Adduct the scapula
· Stabilize the scapula
Lower fibers:
· Depress the scapula
30
ORIGIN: TRAPEZIUS
· External occipital protuberance
· Medial portion of superior nuchal line of occiput
· Ligamentum nuchae
· Spinous processes of C-7 through T-12
31
INSERTION: TRAPEZIUS
· Lateral 1/3 of clavicle
· Acromion
· Spine of scapula
32
ACTION: LEVATOR SCAPULA
Unilaterally: · Elevate the scapula · Downwardly rotate the scapula · Laterally flex the head and neck · Rotate the head and neck to the same side Bilaterally: · Extend the head and neck
33
ORIGIN: LEVATOR SCAPULA
· Transverse processes of C-1 through C-4
34
INSERTION: LEVATOR SCAPULA
· Medial border of scapula, between superior angle and superior portion of spine of scapula
35
ACTION: LATISSIMUS DORSI
· Extend the shoulder · Adduct the shoulder · Medially rotate the shoulder
36
ORIGIN: LATISSIMUS DORSI
· Inferior angle of scapula
· Spinous processes of last six thoracic vertebrae
· Last three or four ribs
· Thoracolumbar fascia
· Posterior iliac crest
37
INSERTION: LATISSIMUS DORSI
· Intertubercular groove of humerus
38
ACTION: SERRATUS ANTERIOR
With the origin fixed: · Abduct the scapula · Upwardly rotate the scapula · Depress the scapula · Hold the medial border of the scapula against the ribcage With the scapula fixed: · May act to elevate the thorax during forced inhalation
39
ORIGIN: SERRATUS ANTERIOR
· External surfaces of first eight or nine ribs
40
INSERTION: SERRATUS ANTERIOR
· Anterior surface of medial border of scapula
41
ACTION: TERES MAJOR
· Extend the shoulder
· Adduct the shoulder
· Medially rotate the shoulder
42
ORIGIN: TERES MAJOR
· Inferior angle of scapula
· Lower 1/3 of lateral border of scapula
43
INSERTION: TERES MAJOR
· Crest of lesser tubercle of humerus
44
ACTION: PECTORALIS MAJOR
All fibers: · Adduct the shoulder · Medially rotate the shoulder · Assist to elevate the thorax during forced inhalation (with the arm fixed) Upper fibers: · Flex the shoulder · Horizontally adduct the shoulder Lower fibers: · Extend the shoulder
45
ORIGIN: PECTORALIS MAJOR
· Medial ½ of clavicle · Sternum · Cartilage of first through sixth ribs
46
INSERTION: PECTORALIS MAJOR
· Crest of greater tubercle of humerus
47
ACTION: SUPRASPINATUS
· Abduct the shoulder
· Stabilize the head of the humerus in the glenoid
cavity
48
ORIGIN: SUPRASPINATUS
· Supraspinous fossa of scapula
49
INSERTION: SUPRASPINATUS
· Greater tubercle of humerus
50
ACTION: PECTORALIS MINOR
· Depress the scapula · Abduct the scapula · Downwardly rotate the scapula With the scapula fixed: · Assist to elevate the thorax during forced inhalation
51
ORIGIN: PECTORALIS MINOR
· Third, fourth, and fifth ribs
52
INSERTION: PECTORALIS MINOR
· Medial surface of coracoid process of scapula
53
ACTION: INFRASPINATUS
· Laterally rotate the shoulder
· Adduct the shoulder
· Stabilize the head of the humerus in the glenoid
cavity
54
ORIGIN: INFRASPINATUS
· Infraspinous fossa of scapula
55
INSERTION: INFRASPINATUS
· Greater tubercle of humerus
56
ACTION: SUBCLAVIUS
· Depress the clavicle and draw it anteriorly · Elevate the first rib (to assist during inhalation) · Stabilize the sternoclavicular joint
57
ORIGIN: SUBCLAVIUS
· First rib and cartilage
58
INSERTION: SUBCLAVIUS
· Inferior surface of middle 1/3 of clavicle
59
ACTION: TERES MINOR
· Laterally rotate the shoulder
· Adduct the shoulder
· Stabilize the head of the humerus in the glenoid
cavity
60
ORIGIN: TERES MINOR
· Upper 2/3 of lateral border of scapula
61
INSERTION: TERES MINOR
· Greater tubercle of humerus
62
ACTION: BICEPS BRACHII
· Flex the elbow · Supinate the forearm · Flex the shoulder
63
ORIGIN: BICEPS BRACHII
Short head: · Coracoid process of scapula Long head: · Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
64
INSERTION: BICEPS BRACHII
· Tuberosity of radius · Aponeurosis of biceps brachii
65
ACTION: TRICEPS BRACHII
All heads: · Extend the elbow Long head: · Extend the shoulder · Adduct the shoulder
66
ORIGIN: TRICEPS BRACHII
Long head: · Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula Lateral head: · Posterior surface of proximal ½ of humerus Medial head: · Posterior surface of distal ½ of humerus
67
INSERTION: TRICEPS BRACHII
· Olecranon process of ulna
68
ACTION: SUBSCAPULARIS
· Medially rotate the shoulder
· Stabilize the head of the humerus in the glenoid
cavity
69
ORIGIN: SUBSCAPULARIS
· Subscapular fossa of scapula
70
INSERTION: SUBSCAPULARIS
· Lesser tubercle of humerus
71
ACTION: RHOMBOID MAJOR
· Adduct the scapula
· Elevate the scapula
· Downwardly rotate the scapula
72
ORIGIN: RHOMBOID MAJOR
· Spinous processes of T-2 through T-5
73
INSERTION: RHOMBOID MAJOR
· Medial border or scapula, between spine of
scapula and inferior angle
74
ACTION: CORACOBRACHIALIS
· Flex the shoulder · Adduct the shoulder
75
ORIGIN: CORACOBRACHIALIS
· Coracoid process of scapula
76
INSERTION: CORACOBRACHIALIS
· Medial surface of mid-humeral shaft
77
ACTION: BRACHIALIS
· Flex the elbow
78
ORIGIN: BRACHIALIS
· Distal ½ of anterior surface of humerus
79
INSERTION: BRACHIALIS
· Ulnar tuberosity
· Coronoid process of ulna
80
ACTION: SUPINATOR
· Supinate the forearm
81
ORIGIN: SUPINATOR
· Lateral epicondyle of humerus · Radial collateral ligament · Annular ligament · Supinator crest of ulna
82
INSERTION: SUPINATOR
· Anterior, lateral surface of proximal 1/3 of radial shaft
83
ACTION: BRACHIORADIALIS
· Flex the elbow
· Assist to pronate and supinate the forearm when
these movements are resisted
84
ORIGIN: BRACHIORADIALIS
· Proximal 2/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of
humerus
85
INSERTION: BRACHIORADIALIS
· Styloid process of radius
86
ORIGIN: FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS
· Common flexor tendon from the medial epicondyle of humerus
87
INSERTION: FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS
· Bases of second and third metacarpals
88
ORIGIN:
EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS LONGUS
· Distal 1/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
89
INSERTION:
EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS LONGUS
· Base of second metacarpal
90
ORIGIN: PALMARIS LONGUS
· Common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus
91
INSERTION: PALMARIS LONGUS
· Flexor retinaculum · Palmar aponeurosis
92
ORIGIN:
EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS BREVIS
· Common extensor tendon from lateral epicondyle
of humerus
93
INSERTION:
EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS BREVIS
· Base of third metacarpal
94
ORIGIN: FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS
Humeral head: · Common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus Ulnar head: · Posterior surface of proximal 2/3 of ulna
95
INSERTION: FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS
· Pisiform · Hook of hamate · Base of fifth metacarpal
96
ORIGIN: EXTENSOR CARPI ULNARIS
· Common extensor tendon from lateral epicondyle of humerus
97
INSERTION: EXTENSOR CARPI ULNARIS
· Base of fifth metacarpal
98
ORIGIN: FLEXOR DIGITORUM SUPERFICIALIS
· Common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus · Ulnar collateral ligament · Coronoid process of ulna · Interosseous membrane · Proximal shaft of radius
99
INSERTION: FLEXOR DIGITORUM SUPERFICIALIS
· Sides of middle phalanges of second through fifth fingers
100
ORIGIN: EXTENSOR DIGITORUM
· Common extensor tendon from lateral epicondyle
of humerus
101
INSERTION: EXTENSOR DIGITORUM
· Bases of middle and distal phalanges of second
through fifth fingers
102
ACTION: ANCONEUS
· Extend the elbow
103
ORIGIN: ANCONEUS
· Lateral epicondyle of humerus
104
INSERTION: ANCONEUS
· Olecranon process
· Posterior surface of proximal ulna
105
ORIGIN: FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS
· Anterior and medial surfaces of proximal ¾ of ulna
106
INSERTION: FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS
· Bases of distal phalanges · Palmar surface of second through fifth fingers
107
ACTION: PRONATOR TERES
· Pronate the forarm · Assist to flex the elbow
108
ORIGIN: PRONATOR TERES
· Common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus · Coronoid process of ulna
109
INSERTION: PRONATOR TERES
· Lateral surface of the middle of the radius
110
ORIGIN: EXTENSOR INDICIS
· Posterior surface of distal shaft of ulna
· Interosseous membrane
111
INSERTION: EXTENSOR INDICIS
· Tendon of extensor digitorum at the level of second
metacarpal
112
ACTION: PRONATOR QUADRATUS
· Pronate the forearm
113
ORIGIN: PRONATOR QUADRATUS
· Anterior, medial surface of distal ulna
114
INSERTION: PRONATOR QUADRATUS
· Anterior and lateral surfaces of distal radius
115
ACTION: SPLENIUS CAPITIS
Unilaterally:
· Rotate the head and neck to the same side
· Laterally flex the head and neck to the same side
Bilaterally:
· Extend the head and neck
116
ORIGIN: SPLENIUS CAPITIS
· Inferior ½ of ligamentum nuchae
· Spinous processes of C-7 through T-4
117
INSERTION: SPLENIUS CAPITIS
· Mastoid process
· Lateral portion of superior nuchal line
118
ACTION: INTERNAL OBLIQUE
Unilaterally: · Laterally flex vertebral column to the same side · Rotate vertebral column to the same side Bilaterally: · Flex the vertebral column · Compress the abdominal contents
119
ORIGIN: INTERNAL OBLIQUE
· Lateral inguinal ligament · Iliac crest · Thoracolumbar fascia
120
INSERTION: INTERNAL OBLIQUE
· Internal surface of lower three ribs · Rectus sheath to linea alba
121
ACTION: SPLENIUS CERVICIS
Unilaterally:
· Rotate the head and neck to the same side
· Laterally flex the head and neck to the same side
Bilaterally:
· Extend the head and neck
122
ORIGIN: SPLENIUS CERVICIS
· Spinous processes of T-3 through T-6
123
INSERTION: SPLENIUS CERVICIS
· Transverse processes of C-1 through C-3
124
ACTION: TRANSVERSE ABDOMINIS
· Compress the abdominal contents
125
ORIGIN: TRANSVERSE ABDOMINIS
· Lateral inguinal ligament · Iliac crest · Thoracolumbar fascia · Internal surface of lower six ribs
126
INSERTION: TRANSVERSE ABDOMINIS
· Rectus sheath to linea alba
127
ACTION: QUADRATUS LUMBORUM
Unilaterally: · Laterally tilt (elevate) the pelvis · Laterally flex the vertebral column to the same side Bilaterally: · Fix the last rib during forced inhalation and exhalation · Assist to extend the vertebral column
128
ORIGIN: QUADRATUS LUMBORUM
· Posterior iliac crest
129
INSERTION: QUADRATUS LUMBORUM
· Last rib
· Transverse processes of L-1 through L-4
130
ACTION: DIAPHRAGM
· Draw down the central tendon of the diaphragm · Increase the volume of the thoracic cavity during inhalation
131
ORIGIN: DIAPHRAGM
Costal attachment: · Inner surface of lower six ribs Lumbar attachment: · Upper two or three lumbar vertebrae Sternal attachment: · Inner part of xiphoid process
132
INSERTION: DIAPHRAGM
· Central tendon
133
ACTION: RECTUS ABDOMINIS
· Flex the vertebral column
· Tilt the pelvis posteriorly
134
ORIGIN: RECTUS ABDOMINIS
· Pubic crest
· Pubic symphysis
135
INSERTION: RECTUS ABDOMINIS
· Cartilage of fifth, sixth, and seventh ribs
· Xyphoid process
136
ACTION: SERRRATUS POSTERIOR SUPERIOR
· Elevate the ribs during inhalation
137
ORIGIN: SERRATUS POSTERIOR SUPERIOR
· Spinous processes of C-7 through T-3
138
INSERTION: SERRATUS POSTERIOR SUPERIOR
· Posterior surface of second through fifth ribs
139
ACTION: EXTERNAL OBLIQUE
Unilaterally:
· Laterally flex vertebral column to the same side
· Rotate vertebral column to the opposite side
Bilaterally:
· Flex the vertebral column
· Compress the abdominal contents
140
ORIGIN: EXTERNAL OBLIQUE
· External surfaces of lower eight ribs
141
INSERTION: EXTERNAL OBLIQUE
· Anterior part of iliac crest · Rectus sheath to linea alba
142
ACTION: SERRATUS POSTERIOR INFERIOR
· Depress the ribs during exhalation
143
ORIGIN: SERRATUS POSTERIOR INFERIOR
· Spinous processes of T-12 through L-3
144
INSERTION: SERRATUS POSTERIOR INFERIOR
· Posterior surface of ninth through twelfth ribs (lower four ribs)
145
ACTION: RECTUS FEMORIS
· Extend the knee
· Flex the hip
146
ORIGIN: RECTUS FEMORIS
· Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)
147
INSERTION: RECTUS FEMORIS
· Tibial tuberosity, via the patella and patellar
ligament
148
ACTION: VASTUS LATERALIS
· Extend the knee
149
ORIGIN: VASTUS LATERALIS
· Lateral lip of linea aspera
· Gluteal tuberosity
· Greater trochanter
150
INSERTION: VASTUS LATERALIS
· Tibial tuberosity, via the patella and patellar
ligament
151
ACTION: VASTUS MEDIALIS
· Extend the knee
152
ORIGIN: VASTUS MEDIALIS
· Medial lip of linea aspera
153
INSERTION: VASTUS MEDIALIS
· Tibial tuberosity, via the patella and patellar ligament
154
ACTION: VASTUS INTERMEDIUS
· Extend the knee
155
ORIGIN: VASTUS INTERMEDIUS
· Anterior, lateral shaft of femur
156
INSERTION: VASTUS INTERMEDIUS
· Tibial tuberosity, via the patella and patellar ligament
157
ACTION: BICEPS FEMORIS
· Flex the knee
· Laterally rotate the flexed knee
Long head:
· Extend the hip
· Assist to laterally rotate the hip
· Tilt the pelvis posteriorly
158
ORIGIN: BICEPS FEMORIS
Long head:
· Ischial tuberosity
Short head:
· Lateral lip of linea aspera
159
INSERTION: BICEPS FEMORIS
· Head of the fibula
160
ACTION: SEMITENDINOSUS
· Flex the knee · Medially rotate the flexed knee · Extend the hip · Assist to medially rotate the hip · Tilt the pelvis posteriorly
161
ORIGIN: SEMITENDINOSUS
· Ischial tuberosity
162
INSERTION: SEMITENDINOSUS
· Medial surface of proximal shaft of tibia, at pes anserinus tendon
163
ACTION: SEMIMEMBRANOSUS
· Flex the knee · Medially rotate the flexed knee · Extend the hip · Assist to medially rotate the thip · Tilt the pelvis posteriorly
164
ORIGIN: SEMIMEMBRANOSUS
· Ischial tuberosity
165
INSERTION: SEMIMEMBRANOSUS
· Posterior aspect of medial condyle of tibia
166
ACTION: GLUTEUS MAXIMUS
All fibers: · Extend the hip · Laterally rotate the hip · Abduct the hip Lower fibers: · Adduct the hip
167
ORIGIN: GLUTEUS MAXIMUS
· Coccyx · Edge of sacrum · Posterior iliac crest · Sacrotuberous ligament · Sacroiliac ligament
168
INSERTION: GLUTEUS MAXIMUS
Upper fibers: · Iliotibial tract Lower fibers: · Gluteal tuberosity (of femur)
169
ACTION: GLUTEUS MEDIUS
All fibers:
· Abduct the hip
Anterior fibers:
· Flex the hip
· Medially rotate the hip
Posterior fibers:
· Extend the hip
· Laterally rotate the hip
170
ORIGIN: GLUTEUS MEDIUS
· Gluteal surface of ilium, between posterior and
anterior gluteal lines, just inferior to iliac crest
171
INSERTION: GLUTEUS MEDIUS
· Lateral aspect of greater trochanter
172
ACTION: GLUTEUS MINIMUS
· Abduct the hip · Medially rotate the hip · Flex the hip
173
ORIGIN: GLUTEUS MINIMUS
· Gluteal surface of ilium, between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
174
INSERTION: GLUTEUS MINIMUS
· Anterior aspect of greater trochanter
175
ACTION: ADDUCTOR MAGNUS
· Adduct the hip
· Medially rotate the hip
· Assist to flex the hip
Posterior fibers:
· Extend the hip
176
ORIGIN: ADDUCTOR MAGNUS
· Inferior ramus of pubis · Ramus of ischium · Ischial tuberosity
177
INSERTION: ADDUCTOR MAGNUS
· Medial lip of linea aspera
· Adductor tubercle
178
ACTION: ADDUCTOR LONGUS
· Adduct the hip · Medially rotate the hip · Assist to flex the hip
179
ORIGIN: ADDUCTOR LONGUS
· Pubic tubercle
180
INSERTION: ADDUCTOR LONGUS
· Medial lip of linea aspera
181
ACTION: ADDUCTOR BREVIS
· Adduct the hip
· Medially rotate the hip
· Assist to flex the hip
182
ORIGIN: ADDUCTOR BREVIS
· Inferior ramus of pubis
183
INSERTION: ADDUCTOR BREVIS
· Pectineal line
· Medial lip of linea aspera
184
ACTION: GRACILIS
· Adduct the hip
· Medially rotate the hip
· Flex the knee
· Medially rotate the flexed knee
185
ORIGIN: GRACILIS
· Inferior ramus of pubis
186
ACTION: PECTINEUS
· Adduct the hip · Medially rotate the hip · Assist to flex the hip
187
INSERTION: GRACILIS
· Medial surface of proximal shaft of tibia, at pes
anserinus tendon
188
ORIGIN: PECTINEUS
· Superior ramus of pubis
189
INSERTION: PECTINEUS
· Pectineal line of femur
190
ACTION: TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE
· Flex the hip · Medially rotate the hip · Abduct the hip
191
ORIGIN: TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE
· Iliac crest, posterior to the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
192
INSERTION: TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE
· Iliotibial tract
193
ACTION: SARTORIUS
· Flex the hip
· Laterally rotate the hip
· Abduct the hip
· Flex the knee
· Medially rotate the flexed knee
194
ORIGIN: SARTORIUS
· Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
195
INSERTION: SARTORIUS
· Medial surface of proximal shaft of tibia, at pes anserinus tendon
196
ACTION: PIRIFORMIS
o Laterally rotate hip when extended or in neutral
o Horizontally abduct when hip is flexed to 90 degrees
o Internally rotate when hip is fully flexed
197
ORIGIN: PIRIFORMIS
· Anterior surface of sacrum
198
INSERTION: PIRIFORMIS
· Superior aspect of greater trochanter
199
ACTION: ILIACUS
With the origin fixed:
· Flex the hip
· May laterally rotate the hip
With the insertion fixed:
· Flex the trunk toward the thigh
· Tilt the pelvis anteriorly
200
ORIGIN: ILIACUS
· Iliac fossa
201
INSERTION: ILIACUS
· Lesser trochanter
202
ACTION: PSOAS MAJOR
With the origin fixed: · Flex the hip · May laterally rotate the hip With the insertion fixed: · Flex the trunk toward the thigh · Tilt the pelvis anteriorly Unilaterally: · Assist to laterally flex the lumbar spine
203
ORIGIN: PSOAS MAJOR
· Bodies and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
204
INSERTION: PSOAS MAJOR
· Lesser trochanter
205
ORIGIN: GASTROCNEMIUS
· Posterior surfaces of condyles of femur
206
INSERTION: GASTROCNEMIUS
· Calcaneus, via the calcaneal tendon
207
ORIGIN: PLANTARIS
· Lateral supracondylar line of femur
208
INSERTION: PLANTARIS
· Calcaneus, via the calcaneal tendon
209
ORIGIN: SOLEUS
· Soleal line · Posterior surface of proximal tibia · Posterior aspect of head of fibula
210
INSERTION: SOLEUS
· Calcaneus, via the calcaneal tendon
211
ORIGIN: POPLITEUS
· Lateral condyle of femur
212
INSERTION: POPLITEUS
· Posterior surface of proximal tibia
213
ORIGIN: FIBULARIS LONGUS
· Head of fibula
· Proximal 2/3 of lateral fibula
214
INSERTION: FIBULARIS LONGUS
· Base of first metatarsal
· Medial cuneiform
215
ORIGIN: TIBIALIS ANTERIOR
· Lateral condyle of tibia
· Lateral surface of proximal tibia
· Interosseous membrane
216
INSERTION: TIBIALIS ANTERIOR
· Medial cuneiform
· Base of first metatarsal
217
ORIGIN: FIBULARIS BREVIS
· Distal 2/3 of lateral fibula
218
INSERTION: FIBULARIS BREVIS
· Tuberosity of fifth metatarsal
219
ORIGIN: EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS
· Lateral condyle of tibia · Anterior surface of proximal shaft of fibula · Interosseous membrane
220
INSERTION: EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS
· Middle and distal phalanges of second through fifth toes
221
ORIGIN: EXTENSOR HALLUCIS LONGUS
· Anterior surface of the middle of the fibula
· Interosseous membrane
222
INSERTION:
EXTENSOR HALLUCIS LONGUS
· Distal phalanx of first toe
223
ORIGIN: TIBIALIS POSTERIOR
· Posterior surfaces of proximal shafts of tibia and fibula · Interosseous membrane
224
INSERTION: TIBIALIS POSTERIOR
· All five tarsal bones · Bases of second through fourth metatarsals
225
ORIGIN: FLEXOR DIGITORUM LONGUS
· Posterior surface of the middle of the tibia
226
INSERTION:
FLEXOR DIGITORUM LONGUS
· Distal phalanges of second through fifth toes
227
ORIGIN: FLEXOR HALLUCIS LONGUS
· Middle ½ of posterior fibula
228
INSERTION: FLEXOR HALLUCIS LONGUS
· Distal phalanx of first toe
229
ACTION: STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID
Unilaterally:
· Laterally flex the head and neck to the same side
· Rotate the head and neck to the opposite side
Bilaterally:
· Flex the neck
· Assist to elevate the ribcage during inhalation
230
ORIGIN: STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID
Sternal head:
· Top of manubrium
Clavicular head:
· Medial 1/3 of clavicle
231
INSERTION: STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID
· Mastoid process
· Lateral portion of superior nuchal line of occiput
232
ACTION: ANTERIOR SCALENE
Unilaterally: · Rotate the head and neck to the opposite side · With the ribs fixed, laterally flex the head and neck to the same side Bilaterally: · Elevate the ribs during inhalation · Flex the head and neck
233
ORIGIN: ANTERIOR SCALENE
· Anterior tubercles of transverse processes of C-3 through C-6
234
INSERTION: ANTERIOR SCALENE
· First rib
235
ACTION: MIDDLE SCALENE
Unilaterally:
· Rotate the head and neck to the opposite side
· With the ribs fixed, laterally flex the head and neck
to the same side
Bilaterally:
· Elevate the ribs during inhalation
· Flex the head and neck
236
ORIGIN: MIDDLE SCALENE
· Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C-2
through C-7
237
INSERTION: MIDDLE SCALENE
· First rib
238
ACTION: POSTERIOR SCALENE
Unilaterally: · Rotate the head and neck to the opposite side · With the ribs fixed, laterally flex the head and neck to the same side Bilaterally: · Elevate the ribs during inhalation · Flex the head and neck
239
ORIGIN: POSTERIOR SCALENE
· Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C-6 and C-7
240
INSERTION: POSTERIOR SCALENE
· Second rib
241
ACTION: MASSETER
· Elevate the mandible
· May assist to protract the mandible
242
ORIGIN: MASSETER
· Zygomatic arch
243
INSERTION: MASSETER
· Angle and ramus of mandible
244
ACTION: PLATYSMA
· Assist to depress the mandible
· Tighten the fascia of the neck
· Draw down the corner of the mouth
245
ORIGIN: PLATYSMA
· Fascia covering superior part of pectoralis major
246
INSERTION: PLATYSMA
· Base of mandible
· Skin of lower part of face
247
ACTION: TEMPORALIS
· Elevate the mandible · Retract the mandible
248
ORIGIN: TEMPORALIS
· Temporal fossa and fascia
249
INSERTION: TEMPORALIS
· Coronoid process of mandible · Anterior edge of ramus of mandible
250
ACTION: OCCIPITOFRONTALIS
Occipitalis: · Anchor and retract the galea posteriorly Frontalis: · Raise the eyebrows and wrinkle the forehead
251
ORIGIN: OCCIPITOFRONTALIS
· Galea aponeurotica
252
INSERTION: OCCIPITOFRONTALIS
Occipitalis: · Superior nuchal line of the occiput Frontalis: · Skin superior to the eyebrows
253
ACTION: LATERAL PTERYGOID
Unilaterally:
· Laterally deviate the mandible to the opposite side
Bilaterally:
· Protract the mandible
254
ORIGIN: LATERAL PTERYGOID
Superior head:
· Infratemporal surface of sphenoid bone
· Crest of greater wing of sphenoid bone
Inferior head:
· Lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate of
sphenoid bone
255
INSERTION: LATERAL PTERYGOID
· Articular disc and capsule of temporomandibular joint · Neck of mandible
256
ACTION: MEDIAL PTERYGOID
Unilaterally: · Laterally deviate the mandible to the opposite side Bilaterally: · Elevate the mandible · Protract the mandible
257
ORIGIN: MEDIAL PTERYGOID
· Medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone · Tuberosity of maxilla
258
INSERTION: MEDIAL PTERYGOID
· Medial surface of ramus of mandible
