MUSCLES! Flashcards by Emma Tydeman

Skeletal muscle

-striated
-voluntary
-multi nucleated
- responsible for maintenance of body posture

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Cardiac Muscle

-striated
-INvoluntary
-branched
-does not require nervous system stimulation
-single nucleated

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Smooth Muscle

-unstriated
-involuntary
-tapered
-single nucleated
-located in digestive tract and blood vessels

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Extrinsic muscle

muscles with one or more attachments to the trunk and one or more to the limb (attach from forearm to trunk)

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Intrinsic muscle

muscles that attach only to the bones of the limb (muscles within the forearm)

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Myofibrils

-twizzler branch
-tiny parallel fibers that make up muscle fibers (LOTS)
-small and long
-hundreds of nuclei

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Myofilaments

-inside twizzler branch
-microscopic bundles of proteins contained in myofibrils
-thick and thin filaments

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Thick filaments

myosin

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Thin filaments

actin

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Endomysium

-“within”
-layer of connective tissue surrounding individual muscle fibers
-capillaries, nerves, etc.

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Perimysium

-“around”
-layer of connective tissue that surrounds a group of muscle fibers
-blood vessels and nerves

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Epimysium

-dense
-connective tissue sheet that covers the whole muscle

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Parallel muscle

-strap like
-fibers run parallel to eachother
-(rectus abdominus)

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Pennate muscle

-penna=feather
-muscles with tendons throughout their length

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Unipennate

-a tendon that runs along ONE side
-(semimembranosus)

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Bipennate

-a tendon that runs along both sides
-converges on a tendon from both directions
-(rectus femoris)

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Multipennate

-tendons distributes throughout muscle
-(deltoid)

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Fleshy attachments

-appear that muscle connects directly to bone
-very short tendons in reality
-(infraspinatus)

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Tendinous attachments

-cord like connective tissue
-attaches pennate muscles to bone
-(sartorius)

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Aponeurotic attachments

-a flat, tendinous sheet attaches to muscles
-(muscles of the abdominal wall)

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Origin definition

-the more fixed point of a muscle attachment
-typically more proximal

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Insertion definition

-the more moveable point of muscle attachments
-typically more distal

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Flexor definition

angles the bone

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Extensor definition

opens a joint

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Agonist def

-"prime mover" -muscles involved in the mvmt of a joint -flexion, extension, rotation

Antagonist def

-action directly opposite to the agonist

Fixator def

-muscle that stabilizes joints when the agonists are in action -"fixes" muscles/joints

Synergist def

-works against any undesired action of agonists -helps stabilize and make more efficient

Muscle nomenclature

-Location: biceps femoris, near femur -Action: deep digital flexor, flexes digit -Size: gluteus maximus, large -Shape: Trapezius. trapezoid -Number of origins: biceps brachii, 2 origins -Attachment: sternomandibularis, originates at sternum, inserts at mandible

Cutaneus trunci

-twitch muscle -right under skin

Trapezius origin

neck and thorax

Trapezius insertion

scapula

Trapezius action

elevate the limb

Brachiocephalicus

arm to skull

Sternomandibularis origin

sternum

Sternomandibularis insertion

mandible

Sternomandibularis action

flexes neck and turns head

Superficial pectoral

fibers run towards arm

Superficial pectoral origin

sternum

Superficial pectoral insertion

humerus

Superficial pectoral action

adduct the limb

Deep Pectoral origin

sternum

Deep pectoral insertion

humerus

Deep pectoral action

adduct and retract the limb (flex shoulder)

Latissimus dorsi

fan shaped

Serratus ventralis

serrated knife

Supraspinatus

in front of spine

Supraspinatus origin

scapula

Supraspinatus insertion

humerus

Supraspinatus action

stabilize and extend shoulder joint

Infraspinatus

behind spine

Infraspinatus origin

scapula

Infraspinatus insertion

humerus

Infraspinatus action

stabilize, flex, and extend shoulder joint

Deltoideus

egg shaped

Deltoideus origin

scapula

Deltoideus insertion

humerus

Deltoideus action

flex the shoulder joint

Triceps brachii

large, multiple heads

Tensor fasciae antibrachii

strap like on the arm

Biceps brachii origin

scapula

Biceps brachii insertion

radius

Biceps brachii action

flex the elbow joint, extend shoulder joint

Brachialis

breaks up biceps and triceps

Brachialis origin

humerus

Brachialis insertion

radius

Brachialis action

flex the elbow joint

Rhomboideus

under trapezius

Rhomboideus origin

neck and thorax

Rhomboideus insertion

scapula and scapular cartilage

Rhomboideus action

elevate the limb

Subscapularis

A-shaped

Subscapularis origin

scapula

Subscapularis insertion

humerus

Subscapularis action

adduct and extend shoulder joint

Superficial cervical lymph node

not connected to anything

Nuchal ligament

runs along spine

Internal intercostal

exhalation

External intercostal

inhalation

Longissimus dorsi

strap muscle

Tensor fasciae latae

triangle shaped

Gluteus medius

above the tensor fasciae latae

Gluteus medius origin

ilieum

Gluteus medius insertion

femur

Gluteus medius action

extend hip joint and rotate limb

Deep gluteal

under gluteus medius

Biceps femoris

big heart, dog=3 heads

Semitendinosus

behind biceps femoris

Semimembranosus

-M OF SPAM -back side

Semimembranosus origin

ischiatic tuberosity of os coxae

Semimembranosus insertion

femur and tibia

Semimembranosus action

extend hip joint, extend stifle

Sartorius

-S OF SPAM MUSCLE -strap muscle

Sartorius origin

ilieum of the os coxae

Sartorius insertion

patella and tibia

Sartorius action

flex hip joint, flex/extend stifle

Pectineus

-P OF SPAM MUSCLE -little, mouse meat

Pectineus origin

os coxae

Pectineus insertion

femur

Pectineus action

adduct the limb

Gracilis

inner thigh, fajita meat

Adductor

- A OF SPAM MUCLES -a shaped

Adductor origin

os coxae

Adductor insertion

femur

Adductor action

adduct limb, extend hip joint

Quadriceps femoris

4 bellies

Rectus femoris

round muscle in the middle

Vastus lateralis

outside, large triangular

Vastus medialis

triangular

Vastus intermedialis

in middle, against femur

Sciatic nerve

under biceps femoris

External abdominal oblique

most external, thin

Internal abdominal oblique

under external, thin

Transverse abdominus

cartilage lines

Rectus abdominus

6 pack

MUSCLES! Flashcards

(115 cards)