Muscles

Question 1

The largest muscle

Answer 1

Gluteus Maximus

Question 2

The longest muscle

Answer 2

Sartorius

Question 3

The strongest muscle

Answer 3

Masseter

Question 4

The 3 kinds of muscle tissue

Answer 4

1. Skeletal
2. Cardiac
3. Smooth

Question 5

-striated
-voluntary
-multinucleated
-attached to the skeleton

Answer 5

Skeletal muscle

Question 6

-striated, but branched fibers
-intercalated discs hold them together
-involuntary

Answer 6

Cardiac muscle

Question 7

-spindle shaped
-involuntary
-found around hollow organs such as arteries, esophagus, and the stomach

Answer 7

Smooth muscle

Question 8

muscle to muscle

Answer 8

ligaments

Question 9

bone to muscle

Answer 9

tendons

Question 10

Long, cylindrical muscle fibers

Answer 10

sarcolemma

Question 11

Each muscle fiber is a bunch of…

Answer 11

myofibrils

Question 12

myofibrils are made up of…

Answer 12

thin and thick filaments

Question 13

Thick filaments are made up of this protein

Answer 13

myosin

Question 14

Thin filaments are made up of this protein

Answer 14

actin

Question 15

These are regulatory proteins

Answer 15

tropomyosin and troponin

Question 16

These are contractile proteins

Answer 16

myosin and actin

Question 17

What neurotransmitter helps with contraction?

Answer 17

Acetylcholine (Ach)

Question 18

The basic unit of striated muscle tissue, extends from one z-line to the next

Answer 18

Sarcomeres

Question 19

Bands that are made up of actin filaments anchored to z lines

Answer 19

I-Bands

Question 20

Bands that are made up of overlapping thick and thin filaments

Answer 20

A-Bands

Question 21

Center of A-bands. Consists only of myosin filaments

Answer 21

H zone

Question 22

Important for calcium storage and the release of calcium into transverse tubules for contraction

Answer 22

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Question 23

-X linked
-Dystrophin is missing, muscle fibers fall apart
-Symptoms: abnormal posture/walk, Gower’s maneuver can diagnose, can’t stand without assistance, abnormally large calves–> fatty tissue, not muscle

Answer 23

Muscular Dystrophy–> Duchenne

Question 24

-female patient
-patient usually feels better, then relapses
-the body’s immune system attacks the neuromuscular junction
-Symptoms: lack of appetite, trouble breathing, lack of awareness, can’t contract muscles–> diaphragm is being moved by accessory organs
-Tx: Steroids are given, acetylcholinesterase inhibitor

Answer 24

Myasthenia Gravis

Question 25

Neurotoxin that blocks Ach receptors and release, causes flaccid paralysis

Answer 25

Curare

Question 26

Neurotoxin that blocks Ach, used for migraines (botox)

Answer 26

Botulism

Question 27

Neurotoxin that causes excessive Ach release, paralytic convulsions--> lockjaw

Answer 27

Tetanus

Question 28

Calcium pumps ran out of ATP, causes continuous contraction. Seen in death

Answer 28

Rigor mortis

Question 29

These are the energy sources for contraction

Answer 29

ATP and Creatine Phosphate

Question 30

movement that decreases the angle b/w two bones. Seen in hinge joints and ball and socket joints

Answer 30

Flexion

Question 31

movement that increases the angle b/w two bones. If the angle is greater than 180 degrees it is called hyperextension

Answer 31

Extension

Question 32

movement away from the midline of the body

Answer 32

abduction

Question 33

movement toward the midline of the body

Answer 33

adduction

Question 34

movement where one bone moves around the longitudinal axis of another bone. Common movement in ball and socket joints

Answer 34

rotation

Question 35

a combination movement of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction. The proximal end of the bone is stationary while the distal end moves in a circle. Common in ball and socket joints

Answer 35

Circumduction

Question 36

movement of foot decreases the angle b/w the foot and tibia

Answer 36

dorsiflexion

Question 37

movement of foot to increase the angle b/w the foot and tibia

Answer 37

plantarflexion

Question 38

movement of the foot/ankle causing the sole of the foot to turn inward (internal rotation)

Answer 38

inversion

Question 39

movement of the foot/ankle causing sole of foot to turn outward (external rotation)

Answer 39

eversion

Question 40

movement causing the palm of the hand to turn down

Answer 40

pronation

Question 41

movement causing the palm of the hand to turn upward. (your hands are in this position when standing in anatomical position)

Answer 41

supination

Question 42

move the thumbs to touch the tips of the opposite fingers on the same hand

Answer 42

opposition

Question 43

movement of a body part anteriorly

Answer 43

protraction

Question 44

movement of a body part posteriorly

Answer 44

retraction

Question 45

upward movement of a body part

Answer 45

elevation

Question 46

downward movement of a body part

Answer 46

depression

Question 47

fascicles converge from a broad origin to a single tendon insertion. ex: pectoralis major

Answer 47

convergent

Question 48

fascicle rings. ex: orbicularis oculi and oris

Answer 48

circular

Question 49

fibers run parallel to the long axis of the muscle. ex: sartorius

Answer 49

parallel

Question 50

short fascicles that attach obliquely to a central tendon running the length of the muscle

Answer 50

pennate