The Nervous System

Question 1

Primary functions of the nervous system

Answer 1

1. Sensory input
2. Integration
3. Motor output

Question 2

The two divisions of the nervous system

Answer 2

Central Nervous System & Peripheral Nervous System

Question 3

Two functional divisions of the peripheral nervous system

Answer 3

Sensory (Afferent) & Motor (Efferent)

Question 4

The Central Nervous System is made up of the…

Answer 4

Brain and Spinal Cord

Question 5

The Peripheral Nervous System is made up of the…

Answer 5

Spinal nerves and Cranial Nerves

Question 6

______ Nervous System: conduct impulses from CNS to skeletal muscles. Voluntary

Answer 6

Somatic

Question 7

______ Nervous System: regulates smooth and cardiac muscle and glands

Answer 7

Autonomic

Question 8

Two functional subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 8

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

Question 9

small cells that surround and wrap
delicate neurons

Answer 9

neuroglia

Question 10

excitable cells that transmit
electrical signals

Answer 10

neurons

Question 11

Most abundant, versatile, and highly branched glial cells. Support and brace neurons

Answer 11

Astrocytes

Question 12

Migrate toward injured neurons. Can transform to phagocytize microorganisms and neuronal debris

Answer 12

Microglial cells

Question 13

Form permeable barrier between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in cavities and tissue fluid bathing CNS cells

Answer 13

Ependymal cells

Question 14

Processes wrap CNS nerve fibers, forming insulating myelin sheaths

Answer 14

Oligodendrocytes

Question 15

Surround all peripheral nerve fibers and form myelin sheaths in thicker nerve fibers in PNS. Vital to regeneration of damaged peripheral nerve fibers

Answer 15

Schwann cells

Question 16

movement away from cell body. Examples: mitochondria, cytoskeletal elements, membrane components, enzymes

Answer 16

anterograde

Question 17

movement toward cell body. Examples: organelles to be degraded, signal molecules, viruses (i.e. rabies), and bacterial toxins

Answer 17

retrograde

Question 18

Myelin sheath gaps between adjacent schwann cells

Answer 18

Nodes of Ranvier

Question 19

-3 or more processes
-1 axon, others dendrites
-Most common; major neuron in CNS

Answer 19

Multipolar

Question 20

-2 processes
-1 axon and 1 dendrite
-Rare, e.g., Retina and olfactory mucosa

Answer 20

Bipolar

Question 21

1 short process

Answer 21

unipolar

Question 22

-Transmit impulses from sensory receptors toward CNS
-Almost all are Unipolar
-Cell bodies in ganglia in PNS

Answer 22

Sensory-Afferent

Question 23

-Carry impulses from CNS to effectors
-Multipolar
-Most cell bodies in CNS (except some autonomic neurons)

Answer 23

Motor- Efferent

Question 24

-Lie between motor and sensory neurons
-99% of body’s neurons

Answer 24

Interneurons

Question 25

Action potentials are ___ distance

Answer 25

long

Question 26

Graded potentials are ___ distance

Answer 26

short

Question 27

Two main types of ion channels

Answer 27

leakage and gated

Question 28

The resting membrane potential voltage

Answer 28

-70mV

Question 29

Plays an important role in membrane potential

Answer 29

K+

Question 30

decrease in mem. potential

Answer 30

depolarization

Question 31

increase in mem. potential

Answer 31

hyperpolarization

Question 32

- autoimmune disease - myelin sheaths in CHS are destroyed - symptoms: double vision, urine incontinence -lack of treatment causes disability, muscle weakness, and white spaces in brain

Answer 32

Multiple Sclerosis

Question 33

synthesized from acetic acid and choline by choline acetyltransferase, degraded by acetylcholinesterase

Answer 33

acetylcholine

Question 34

- dopamine, NE and E - synthesized from amino acid tyrosine

Answer 34

Catecholamines

Question 35

- serotonin (tryptophan) and histamine (histidine)

Answer 35

Indolamine