muscles

Question 1

what surrounds muscle fascicles

Answer 1

perimysium

Question 2

what surrounds muscle organs

Answer 2

epimysium

Question 3

what is sacromella

Answer 3

membrane of muscle fibre

Question 4

what is the role of a T- tubule

Answer 4

conduct charge to the muscle

Question 5

what is contained in the muscle sarcoplasm

Answer 5

glycosomes and myoglobins

Question 6

what is stored in sarcoplasmic reticulum

Answer 6

calcium ions

Question 7

what is in the H zone of sarcomere

Answer 7

myosin

Question 8

what is in the I band of sarcomere

Answer 8

actin only

Question 9

what is in the a band of sarcomere

Answer 9

actin and myosin

Question 10

in the first stage of cross bridge cycling describe the action of calcium ions

Answer 10

binds to troponin, causing tropomyosin to move , exposing actin binding sites

Question 11

what causes a power stroke

Answer 11

myosin head rotates releasing ADP and phosphate

Question 12

what molecule is responsible for detaching the myosin head from actin in cross bridge cycling

Answer 12

ATP

Question 13

how does calcium ions get recycled into the sacroplasmic reticulum in excitation contraction coupling

Answer 13

ATP driven pumps

Question 14

how does muscle stimulation end

Answer 14

acetylcholinase breaks down acetylcholine in receptor site on muscle neurone

Question 15

creatine phosphate is an energy source for what type of muscle contraction

Answer 15

fast twitch

Question 16

what is the name of the process that uses oxygen to make ATP in aerobic respiration

Answer 16

oxidative phosphorylation

Question 17

what is the name of the process that uses glucose to make ATP in aerobic respiration

Answer 17

glycolysis

Question 18

what is the other name for type I muscle fibres

Answer 18

slow oxidative

Question 19

what is the other name for type IIa muscle fibres

Answer 19

fast oxidative

Question 20

what is the other name for type IIb muscle fibres

Answer 20

fast glycolytic

Question 21

what muscle fibres use oxidative phosphorylation as ATP source

Answer 21

Type I/ slow oxidative and Type II / fast oxidative

Question 22

glycolysis what muscle fibres use oxidative phosphorylation as ATP source

Answer 22

Type IIb/ fast glycolytic

Question 23

what is the origin of muscle

Answer 23

site of muscle attachment to stationary bone

Question 24

what is the insertion of muscle

Answer 24

site of muscle attachment to moving bone

Question 25

what is agonist muscle

Answer 25

muscle that contracts

Question 26

what is antagonist muscle

Answer 26

muscle that relaxes

Question 27

what is the synergist muscle

Answer 27

muscle that assist the agonist

Question 28

what is the fixator muscle

Answer 28

muscle that provides stabilisation at origin

Question 29

what is in the middle of a first class lever

Answer 29

fulcrum

Question 30

what is in the middle of a second class lever

Answer 30

load

Question 31

what is in the middle of a third class lever

Answer 31

effort

Question 32

what is muscle hypertrophy

Answer 32

muscles are large in proportion to body fat

Question 33

what causes muscle hypertrophy (2)

Answer 33

hormones and genetics

Question 34

what is disuse atrophy

Answer 34

inactivity causing muscle wasting

Question 35

what causes disuse atrophy (2)

Answer 35

paralysis bedrest

Question 36

what is sarcopenia

Answer 36

loss of muscle mass due to ageing

Question 37

what causes sarcopenia (4)

Answer 37

hormones reduced nervous stimulation disuse poor diet

Question 38

what is muscle spasm

Answer 38

involuntary contraction that lasts a short time

Question 39

what causes muscle spasm

Answer 39

nerve malfunction

Question 40

what is muscle cramp

Answer 40

long involuntary contraction

Question 41

what causes muscle cramp

Answer 41

sustained exertion

Question 42

what is muscle strain

Answer 42

muscle overstretched or torn

Question 43

what causes muscle sprain

Answer 43

ligament tear

Question 44

what is affected in the autoimmune disease myasthenia graves

Answer 44

Ach receptors at NMJ

Question 45

what is myopathy

Answer 45

disease that attacks muscle fibres causing weakness and paralysis

Question 46

what is another name for Duchenne's

Answer 46

Beckers dystrophy

Question 47

what is duchennes

Answer 47

degenerative disease causing weakness and wasting of muscle (X-chromosome linked)

Question 48

that is the action of botulism

Answer 48

inhibits acetylcholine release at NMJ

Question 49

what are symptoms of botulism

Answer 49

paralysis dry mouth loss of sweat

Question 50

what are complications of botulism

Answer 50

respiratory or heart failure

Question 51

what happens at NMJ if you have organophosphate poisoning

Answer 51

acetylcholinase is inhibited, no stop in nervous stimulation

Question 52

who is organophosphate poisoning common in (2)

Answer 52

farmers cholingeric syndrome

Question 53

what do you take for organophosphate poisoning

Answer 53

atropine

Question 54

what are symptoms of organophosphate poisoning

Answer 54

SLUDGE salivation lamination urination diarrhoea GI stress emesis