Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of muscle in the human body? Give a brief explanation for each one

A

Smooth- Involuntary muscles. Thin and long in appearance and attach to bone
Cardiac- Muscle tissue of the heart, involuntary muscle
Skeletal- all muscles that contract to help us move

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2
Q

What happens during a concentric muscle contraction?

A

Muscle fibres shorten, producing force and enabling us to move

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3
Q

What happens in an eccentric muscle contraction?

A

When the muscle lengthens under tension

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4
Q

What is an isometric muscle contraction and what’s an example?

A

The muscle remains under tension with little changes to muscle length. A plank hold

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5
Q

What does isokinetic mean?

A

Describes a constant rate, or speed of movement. Eg cycling

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6
Q

What are the two main muscle shapes?

A

Disinformation and pennate

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7
Q

What are fusiform muscles?

A

A muscle that has its fibres arrange in series, the fibres are arranged on top of the other and run longitudinally along the muscle belly.

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8
Q

What are pennate muscles?

A

Pennate muscle fibres are arranged diagonally, usually less than 30 degrees.

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9
Q

What are the three main types of muscle fibres?

A

Type 1- slow twitch muscle fibre
Type 2a- fast twitch
Type 2b- also fast twitch

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10
Q

What are prime movers?

A

The muscles that are primarily responsible for a movement

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11
Q

What are antagonists?

A

Muscles that directly oppose a movement, to prevent excessive movement of limbs

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12
Q

What is the outer layer of convective tissue of a muscle called?

A

The epimysium

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13
Q

What is the role of the outer muscle layer (epimysium)?

A

Helps contain the muscle fibres and prevents friction

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14
Q

What is the muscle fascicle and the perimysium?

A

The muscle fascicle is a bunch of individual muscle fibres enveloped in connective tissue, this connective tissue is called the perimysium

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