Muscles Flashcards
(22 cards)
What does your muscles turn energy into.
Muscles turns Chemical potential energy into mechanical energy.
What are the three types of muscle tissue??
Smooth- short tapered cells, but no striations. Founds on the walls of your hollow visceral organs I.E stomach, intestines, bladder, blood vessels etc. INVOLUNTARY
Cardiac muscle - the heart, muscle tissue known as MYOCARDIUM, striated. INVOLUNTARY
Skeletal muscle- 640 skeletal muscles, VOLUNTARY striated
What part of the muscle fibre cell turn sugars, fats and protein into forms of chemical energy
Mitochondria- Organelles
Kills unwanted cells
What is the name of the muscle cell striated muscles?
Myocytes
A bundle of structures holding the muscle fibers together?
Fascicle
Supportive sheet of connective tissue that covers the whole muscle?
Epimysium
A sheath of connective tissue which covers the fascicles ?
Perimysium
Sheesh of connective tissue which covers the muscle fibres ?
ENDOmysium
Two types of muscle filaments?
Small proteins
Thin filaments- ACTIN
Thick filaments - MYOSIN
Basic rod like unit of muscle cell
Myofibril
Myosin??
- ATP dependent.
2. HEAD NECK AND Tail
Actin is blocked buy a protein which regulates function.
Tropomyosin
Troponin
Broken with ATP
Muscles transport and storage system
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Walls are loaded with calcium pumps which use ATP to save up calcium ions.
A fine transparent tubular sheath which envelops the fibres of skeletal muscles.
Sarcolemma - contains tubes which run deep inside cell called transverse tubules
What binds with tropinin ?
Calcium
Calcium binds with tropinin which causes protein to change shape.
This also causes the troponin to pull the tropomyosin away from actin strands which enables myosin to come through.
What energy stores allow Myosin to bind with Actin?
ATP
ATP which is attached to myosin heads bind with actin.
Myosin head breaks ATP into ADP And a left over phosphate.
What is isometric contraction?
Load =tension or force generated by the muscle
No change in muscle length
FYI - FORCE GENERATION IS DEPENDENT ON THE AMOUNT OF OVERLAP BETWEEN THE THIN AND THICK MYOFILAMENTS
FYI - FORCE GENERATION IS DEPENDENT ON THE AMOUNT OF OVERLAP BETWEEN THE THIN AND THICK MYOFILAMENTS
How do you calculate power from force and velocity?
Power = force x velocity
Isokinetic action
Produces movement at a constant speed over a joints full range of motion.
Isotonic muscle action
Muscle tension remains constant while changes length as it overcomes constant resistance
All or none principle?
If the stimulus is above threshold, the nerve or muscle fibre will give a complete response or otherwise , no response at all. Once the stimulus exceeds a certain strength (threshold level), an action potential is generated and propagates along the membrane of the nerve cell which connects to other nerve cells or muscle fibers.
