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Muscles - Actions Flashcards

1
Q

buccinator

A

draws corner of mouth laterally; compresses cheek (as in whistling); holds food between teeth during chewing

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2
Q

epicranius (frontal belly)

A

with aponeurosis fixed, raises eyebrows

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3
Q

epicranius (occipital belly)

A

fixes aponeurosis and pulls scalp posteriorly

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4
Q

orbicularis oris

A

closes lips; purses and protrudes lips (kissing and whistling muscle)

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5
Q

orbicularis oculi

A

closes eye, produces blinking, squinting, and draws eyebrows inferiorly

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6
Q

platysma

A

tenses skin of neck; depresses mandible; pulls lower lip back and down

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7
Q

epicranial aponeurosis (a tendinous sheet, not a muscle)

A

broad, tendon-like sheet beneath the scalp - lifts the eyebrow and the upper eyelid, thus producing horizontal wrinkles of the forehead

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8
Q

zygomaticus major & minor

A

raises lateral corners of mouth upward (smiling muscle)

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9
Q

masseter

A

prime mover of jaw closure, elevates mandible

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10
Q

temporalis

A

closes jaw; elevates and retracts mandible

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11
Q

digastric (with anterior & posterior bellies)

A

acting together, elevate hyoid bone; open mouth and depress mandible

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12
Q

sternocleidomastoid

A

simultaneous contraction of both muscles of pair causes flexion of neck, acting independently, rotate head toward shoulder on opposite side

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13
Q

deltoid

A

acting as a whole, prime mover of arm abduction; when only specific fibers are active, can act as a synergist in flexion, extension, and rotation of arm

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14
Q

pectoralis major

A

prime mover of arm flexion; adducts, medially rotates arm; with arm fixed, pulls chest upward (thus also acts in forced inspiration)

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15
Q

pectoralis minor

A

with ribs fixed, draws scapula forward and inferiorly; with scapula fixed, draws rib cage superiorly

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16
Q

serratus anterior

A

prime mover to protract and hold scapula against chest wall; rotates scapula, causing inferior angle to move laterally and upward; essential to raising arm; fixes scapula for arm abduction

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17
Q

external intercostals

A

pulls ribs toward one another to elevate rib cage; aid in inspiration

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18
Q

internal intercostals

A

draws ribs together to depress rib cage; aid in forced expiration; antagonistic to external intercostals

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19
Q

diaphragm

A

prime mover of inspiration flattens on contraction, increasing vertical dimensions of thorax; increases intra-abdominal pressure

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20
Q

rectus abdominis

A

flexes the vertebral column; increases abdominal pressure; fixes and depresses ribs; stabilizes pelvis during walking; used in sit-ups and curls

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21
Q

transversus abdominis

A

compresses abdominal contents

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22
Q

external oblique

A

as for internal oblique: above rectus abdominis; compresses abdominal wall; also aids muscles of back in trunk rotation and lateral flexion; used in oblique curls

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23
Q

internal oblique

A

as for external oblique: above rectus abdominis; compresses abdominal wall; also aids muscles of back in trunk rotation and lateral flexion; used in oblique curls

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24
Q

linea alba (a tendinous sheath, not a muscle)

A

a tendon-like band that runs along the midline - brings the two sides of the rectus abdominis together and helps hold and control the abdominal wall

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25
erector spinae group (iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis)
extend from the pelvis to the head - laterally flex the vertebral column and posture muscles; extends and rotates the neck
26
trapezius
extends head; raises, rotates, and retracts (adducts) scapula and stabilizes it; superior fibers elevate scapula (as in shrugging the shoulders); inferior fibers depress scapula
27
latissimus dorsi
prime mover of arm extension; adducts and medially rotates arm; brings arm down in power stroke, as in striking a blow
28
teres minor
same as for infraspinatus: lateral rotation arm; helps hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity; stabilizes shoulder
29
teres major
extends, medially rotates, and adducts arm; synergist of latissimus dorsi
30
supraspinatus
initiates abduction of arm; stabilizes shoulder joint
31
infraspinatus
same as for teres minor: lateral rotation arm; helps hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity; stabilizes shoulder
32
subscapularis
rotates humerus medially
33
rhomboid minor & major
pull scapulae medially (retraction); stabilize scapulae; rotate glenoid cavity downward
34
levator scapulae
elevates and adducts scapula; with fixed scapula, laterally flexes neck to the same side
35
coracobrachialis
flexes and rotates humerus medially
36
biceps brachii (with long & short heads)
flexion (powerful) and supination of forearm; "it turns the corkscrew and pulls the cord"; weak arm flexor
37
brachialis
flexor of forearm
38
brachioradialis
synergist in forearm flexion
39
triceps brachii (with lateral, medial, & long heads)
powerful forearm extensor; antagonist of forearm flexors (brachialis and biceps brachii)
40
supinator
synergist of biceps brachii to supinate forearm; antagonist of pronator muscles
41
pronator teres
acts synergistically with pronator quadratus to pronate forearm; weak forearm flexor
42
flexor carpi radialis
powerful flexor and abductor of the hand
43
flexor carpi ulnaris
flexes and adducts hand
44
flexor digitorum superficialis
flexes hand and middle phalanges of fingers II-V
45
flexor digitorum profundus
sole muscle that flexes distal phalanges; assists in hand flexion
46
flexor pollicis longus
flexes thumb
47
palmaris longus
flexes the hand (weak); tenses skin and fascia of palm
48
flexor retinaculum
connective tissue collar that helps secure and hold in place the tendons of the flexor muscles; covers the carpal tunnel
49
extensor carpi radialis longus
extends and abducts hand
50
extensor carpi radialis brevis
extends and abducts hand; steadies wrist during finger flexion
51
extensor carpi ulnaris
extends and adducts hand
52
extensor digitorum
prime mover of finger extension; extends hand; can flare (abduct) fingers
53
extensor pollicis longus & brevis
extend thumb
54
extensor retinaculum
connective tissue collar that helps hold tendons of extensor muscles in place
55
iliopsoas (consists of the iliacus & psoas major)
flex trunk at hip joint, flex thigh; lateral flexion of vertebral column (psoas)
56
pectineus
adducts, flexes, and medially rotates thigh
57
sartorius
flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh; flexes leg; known as "tailor's muscle" because it helps effect cross-legged position in which tailors are often depicted
58
gracilis
adducts thigh; flexes and medially rotates leg, especially during walking
59
gluteus maximus
complex, powerful thigh extensor (most effective when thigh is flexed, as in climbing stairs - but not as in walking); antagonist of iliopsoas; laterally rotates and abducts thigh
60
gluteus medius
abducts and medially rotates thigh; steadies pelvis during walking
61
gluteus minimus
abducts and medially rotates thigh; steadies pelvis
62
tensor fasciae latae
flexes, abducts, and medially rotates thigh; steadies trunk
63
adductor magnus, longus, & brevis
adduct and medially rotate and flex thigh; posterior part of magnus is also a synergist in thigh extension
64
iliotibial tract
a tendon-like band from the iliac crest - encloses the thigh muscles
65
quadriceps group: rectus femoris
extends leg and flexes thigh
66
quadriceps group: vastus lateralis
extends leg and stabilizes knee
67
quadriceps group: vastus medialis
extends leg; stabilizes patella
68
quadriceps group: vastus intermedius
extends leg
69
hamstring group: biceps femoris (with long & short heads)
extends thigh; laterally rotates leg; flexes leg
70
hamstring group: semitendinosus
extends thigh; flexes leg; medially rotates leg
71
hamstring group: semimembranosus
extends thigh; flexes leg; medially rotates leg
72
triceps surae
plantar flex foot
73
triceps surae group: gastrocnemius
plantar flexes foot when leg is extended; crosses knee joint; thus can flex leg (when foot is dorsiflexed)
74
triceps surae group: soleus
plantar flexion; an important muscle for locomotion
75
calcaneal (Achilles) tendon
attaches to calcaneus
76
tibialis anterior
prime mover of dorsiflexion; inverts foot; supports longitudinal arch of foot
77
tibialis posterior
prime mover of foot inversion; plantar flexes foot; stabilizes longitudinal arch of foot
78
fibularis (peroneus) longus
plantar flexes and everts foot
79
fibularis (peroneus) brevis
plantar flexes and everts foot
80
extensor digitorum longus
prime mover of dorsiflexion; inverts foot; supports longitudinal arch of foot
81
flexor digitorum longus
flexes toes; plantar flexes and inverts foot
82
flexor hallucis longus
flexes great toe; plantar flexes and inverts foot; the "push-off muscle" during walking
83
extensor hallucis longus
extends great toe; dorsiflexes foot
84
flexor retinacula
stabilizes carpal system
85
extensor retinacula
keeps the extensor tendons in alignment

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