Muscles And Nerves

Question 1

Striped muscle?

Answer 1

Skeletal and cardiac

Question 2

Non-striped muscle?

Answer 2

Skeletal
Myoepithelium
Myofibroblasts

Question 3

Skeletal muscle? Characterisitics?

Answer 3

Rapid contraction
Subject to fatigue
Voluntary control

Question 4

Cardiac muscle? Characterisitics?

Answer 4

Heart only
Resists fatigue
Contracts quite rapidly for 80+ years
Involuntary control

Question 5

Smooth muscle? Characteristics?

Answer 5

Slower contraction but powerful
Little fatigue
Energy efficient
Involuntary

Question 6

Epimysium? Description

Answer 6

Covers the muscle

Question 7

Fascicles? Description?

Answer 7

Muscle fibres

Question 8

Perimysium? Description?

Answer 8

Covers the fascicles

Question 9

Endomysium? Description?

Answer 9

Between muscle fibres

CT

Question 10

Sarcoplasmic reticulum? Description?

Answer 10

Mesh work beneath the sarcolemma

Question 11

Sarcomere? Description?

Answer 11

Functional component of the muscle
Contractile unit, from one z line to the next
I bands get narrower but a bands don’t

Question 12

Sliding filament model? Process?

Answer 12

Myosin and actin myofilaments 
Innervated by nerves forming the NMJ
Secretion of neurotransmitters
Activates the release of Ca
Ca binds to troponin freeing tropomyosin
Allowing the formation of the cross bridge
Assocatation of ATP, allows the power stroke
This allows muscle contraction

Question 13

Difference of cardiac compared to skeletal? Characteristics?

Answer 13

Much smaller fibres, joined end to end
Fibres only have 1 or 2 central nuclei
By intercalated discs
More mitochondria

Question 14

Smooth muscle? Characterisitics?

Answer 14

Long
Spindle shaped fibres
1 singular nucleus (sausage shaped)

Question 15

Types of muscle?

Answer 15

Cardiac
Smooth
Skeletal

Question 16

Skeletal muscle? Characterisitcs?

Answer 16

Voluntary movement or stabilising movement
Attached directly or indirectly to bones, cartilage and ligaments
Function: locomotion, static support and give form to the body (heat)
Stimulated by the somatic

Question 17

Cardiac muscle? Characterisitics?

Answer 17

Myocardium
String, quick, continuous rhythmic contracts (pump blood)
Stimulation: autonomic (para/sympth)

Question 18

Smooth muscle? Characterisitics?

Answer 18

Hollow organs and BVs
Actvitiy: - weak sustained tonic contractions
- propel substances (peristalsis) and restrict flow (vasoconstriction)
Stimulation: autonomic

In the wall of GI mixes and propels chyme
And controls sphincter
Regulates resistance to BVs (control blood pressure)

Question 19

Systemic integration? Characterisitics?

Answer 19

Repro: SM, propel sperm and egg (uterine contractions)
Urinary: SM in arterioles (kidney) regulate glom infiltrate and contracts bladder (during micturition)
Nervous system: SM, distribute blood flow
Immune system: propel lymph
Cardiac: Generates arterial pressure and drives blood flow
Resp: reg BVs and ventilation and perfusion
Digestive: In the wall of GI mixes and propels chyme
And controls sphincter
Regulates resistance to BVs (control blood pressure)

Question 20

Skeletal muscle? Anatomy? Basic?

Answer 20

Belly fleshy contractile part of muscle
Bicep 2 belly
Tendon provides attachment to bone

Question 21

Shapes of muscles?

Answer 21

Flat: oblique muscle of abdomen
Pennate: feather like
Multipennate: deltoid
Fusiform: spindle
Quadrate: big
Circular: circle
Multi-head

Question 22

Basics of muscle naming?

Answer 22

Basis of function
Attachment
Basis of position
Length

Question 23

Types of muscle of contractions?

Answer 23

Reflexive: movements are autonomic
Tonic: slight contraction even when relaxed (tone)
Phasic: isotonic; changes in muscle length
isometric; no change in length, force increased above tonic level

Question 24

Muscle functions?

Answer 24

Agonist: specific action
Antagonist: opposes another muscle
Fixators: steady proximal part when distal is moving
Synergist: compliment agonist

Question 25

Neurovascular bundle?

Answer 25

Bundle of nerves, muscles and vessels

Question 26

Motor unit? Composition?

Answer 26

``` Muscle Fascicles Muscle fibres NMJ Myofibrils Motor nerve Axon ``` Function unit of muscle

Question 27

Buck teeth?

Answer 27

Tone lost in lip muscles which would keep aligned

Question 28

Somatic vs autonomic motor reflex?

Answer 28

Somatic: sensory to SC via dorsal root ganglion then to the interneuron to motor neurons Autonomic: sensory to dorsal root ganglion to interneurone to pre ganglion neurons to autonomic ganglion to post ganglion neuron

Question 29

Tendon reflexes?

Answer 29

Knee jerk: L3/L4 | Ankle jerk: S1/S2

Question 30

Muscles of facial expression?

Answer 30

Orbital Oral Nasal

Question 31

Muscles of mastication?

Answer 31

Strap (ribbon) muscle of the neck | Infrahoud and suprahyoid

Question 32

Deep muscles of the head, neck and face?

Answer 32

Intrinsic muscles of tongue, pharynx and larynx

Question 33

Muscle compartments????****

Answer 33

All on slides called muscle tissue dental lectures

Question 34

Skeletal muscle? Histology?

Answer 34

``` Very long, giant thread like cells with thousands of nuclei Striated Nucleus in the periphery A band dark I band light Z line dark Myosin is in hexagonal array ```

Question 35

How does the muscle know when to contract?

Answer 35

Via motor end-plates

Question 36

Mechanism of excitation?

Answer 36

When excited, AP generated across the sarcolemma and t-tubule travels to the deeper parts A DHP receptor senses the depolarisation and alters its conformation, activation RyR receptors to release Ca from SR binding troponin and activating the contraction process

Question 37

Cardiac muscle? Histology?

Answer 37

Smaller fibres joined end to end by specialised junction called intercalated disks Fibres have one or 2 nucleus which are central Single cells joined in branching pattern bu intervals disks With many capillaries Many mitochondria