Salivary Glands Flashcards

Question

Summary of minor salivary gland - names? ducts? Acini? Fluid? Innveration?

Answer 1

``` All - rare striated and intercalated ducts Palatinal - mucous - mucin rich - VII Buccal - mucous - mucin rich - VII Labial - mucous - mucin rich - VII Von Ebners (lingual) - serous - watery and lipid rich - IX Retromolar - mucous - mucin rich - VII/IX ```

Answer 2

Like a bunch if grapes: - grapes are the acini - stems are the ducts - air is the CT

Answer 3

Inner to outer: - secretary duct - striated duct - interclalated duct - acinus

Answer 4

Organelles: - Nuc at basal cell - basophillic RER - granular apperance - cells discharge their secretions into the tubular lumen via intracellular canaliculi running between cells

Answer 5

Organelles: - plate cytoplasm- mucin lost ir not easily stained, so cytoplasm can appear medium in H&E Staines secretion - flattened basal nuc - large mucin granules

Answer 6

Compostion: - hypotonic fluid (99% water and 1% dry matter) - .5 -1.5 litres daily - resting state 2/3 volume prod by submand - stimated state 60% by parotid

Answer 7

Varies: - from gland to gland, rats of secretion and between species Compostion: - 99% water - electrolytes and inorganic constituents - formed elements and organic constituents

Answer 8

Cations: - Na, K, Ca and Mg Anions: - Cl, HCO3, Pi, thiocynate, SO4, F, I, and OH

Answer 9

Stage I: - electrolyte transport bu acinar cell go produce isotonic saliva Stage II: - ductal modification of electrolyte composition of primary saliva to produce hypotonic saliva ⁰

Answer 10

Step I: - ACh bind muscarinic receptor on acinar cell - increased Ca influx - from increased Ca its caused Ca gated channels to remove K and take in Cl and HCO3 Step 2: - Na in via paracellular to balance charge - H20 follows Na (paracell or transcell) - aquaporins allow h20 - high perm to h20 - causes cell shrinkage Step 3: - act of Na/K/Cl cotransporter to take in Na - Na/H exchange to take in Na - Na/K pump to take in K and remove Na (with ATP) Step 4: - stimulus removed; the free intracellular Ca, cell volume, cytoplasmic pH and transport return back to normal

Answer 11

``` From striated ducts Step 1: - Na/K pump removes Na into plasma Step 2: - reansorption of Na and Cl via Na and Cl channels, Na/H exchanger and Cl/HCO3 transporter ``` All duct is impermeable so water and stays in lumen Result in saliva with increased HCO3, reduced Cl and Na

Answer 12

Compostion: - salivary secretion as a function of salivary flow rate compared with concentrated ions in plasma - saliva is hypotonic to plasma at all flow rates - salivary conc of HCO3, Cl and and Na increases with increasing flow rate - salivary conc of K decreases with increases flow rate

Answer 13

Mostly by acinar cells (but can be ductal too) - proteins are the major organic component component: - prot conc depend in duration of stim and flow rate (Long stim and high flow rate results in high saliva total prot conc) Secretory pathways: - constitutive exocytosis (continous) minor - regulated exocytosis (major)

Answer 14

- A process which a cell transports secretory products through the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane - Secreotry products are packed into teanposrt vesicles

Answer 15

- prots not concentrated into secretory vesicles awaiting stimulus - continous flow of protein in small vesicles to plasma mem - responsible for a continous secretion if several proteins without stim

Answer 16

- acceleration of constitutive - controlled by symph innveration - after synthesis proteins stored in granules - stim, granules empty content into lumen

Answer 17

Buffering capacity: ability of the saliva to maintain the pH when exposed to acids HCO3: - from major glands - conc increases with flow rate - miminises drop in pH around teeth after consumption of sugar (min demineral) Buffers: - phosphate and protein

Answer 18

The change in plaque pH influencing demineralisation and remineralisation Fluroapatite - 4.5 demin Hydroxyapatite- 5.5 demin

Answer 19

Composition: - supersaturaed with Ca and PO4 - high flow rate associated with Caz PO4, OH and pH (reduced demin, increases remin and calculus form) - helped by presence of flouride in saliva

Answer 20

Constituents: - prots, carbs, lipids and small organic molecules Proteins: - amylase, lipase, mucin, statherin, IgA,

Answer 21

``` Secreted by: - parotid glands Role: - carbohydrate digestion Function: - breakdown starch and maltose Inactivated: - low pH Plaque: - breakdown of plaque ```

Answer 22

``` Secreted by: - lingual minor glands (Von Ebner) Role: - fat digestion - active at gastric pH - digestion of milk fat for newborns ```

Answer 23

Molecule type: - complex molecule (peptide core and oligosaccardie chains) Mucus: - mucin + water Role to lubricate Location: - on all oral soft tissues (prevents drying and provide barrier) - hydrophilic and likes water and so stops dehydration Important for pellicle Aggregate bacteria

Answer 24

Prevent: - precipitation of Ca and PO4 (supersaturated), good for mineral - but can inhibit remineral, but cant permeate early carious lesions (not a major problem) Prevent calculus Present in enamel

Answer 25

Water - cleansing Amylase - bacterial adhesion Lysozyme - leaves polysacc wall Peroxidase - same as above Lactoferrin - bind Fe inhibit bacteria growth and adherence Histatins- inhibit growth Candida Cystatins - inhibit tissue damaging bacterial enzymes

Answer 26

``` Secreted by - minor glands Synth: - plasma cells in CT Specific: - stim by bacteria against specific antigens provides local immunity ```

Answer 27

Parasymth: - from brainstem and salivary nuclei (sup pons and inf brainstem nuc) - VII nerve to the sub glands - XI nerve to the parotid via otic ganglion - to the submandibular ganglion - ACh release to muscarinic receptors in the salivary glands Sympth: - thoracic spinal cord (T1-4) - to the superior cervical ganglion - via the sympth nerve - to the salivary gland releasing NA act b-adr

Answer 28

Reflex: - innate, automatic, predicate, repsonse involving the CNS, to a known stimulus Stimuli: - associated with feeding Reaction: - complex secretomotor and vasometer innveration Lack uniformity of response between gland and species Secretion dependant in reflex activity

Answer 29

``` Reflex type: - unconditioned Stimuli: - via taste buds - basic tastes cause secretion Sour > Salt > Bitter > Sweet Flow: - max flow achieved using 5% citric acid (7ml per min) Innervation: - VII, IX and C nerves ```

Answer 30

``` Sensory info from mechanoreceptors and chemo receptors Cerebral cortex Salivary centre in medulla Autonomic Salivary glands Secretion ```

Answer 31

Stimulus from: - mechanorecprtors afferent neurons affecting periodontal ligament, oral mucosa, TMJ and muscles Imnervation: - V Reflex pathway: - unilateral - stim of one side of the mouth induces ipsilateral salivation

Answer 32

A measure of flow rate To be placed near the duct opening to collect saliva Outer chamber for suction to buccal mucosa

Answer 33

A unilateral response of the parotid gland No repsonse of the parotid to the odour of lemon But taste has a reaction But with the submand gland, the odour of beef increases flow rate of saliva Olfactory parotid reflex doesn't exist Olfactory submand reflex does exist

Answer 34

Sympth nerves: - from the synoatheric trunk follow blood vessels Parotid gland: - receives parasynth signals from IX synoases in otic ganglion Submand and sublingual: - parasympth signals form facial nerve synapses in the mand ganglion

Answer 35

Gustatory and masticatory and olfactory | Higher centres: - facilitate, also inhibit (dry mouth with anxiety) but can enhance response

Answer 36

Pavlov's dogs Not easily demonstrated in man Assocaitaion of sound with food without food stimulus

Answer 37

Mouthwatering occurs on anticipation if sight of food when hungry, but it is more of a sudden awareness of saliva in mouth rather than more

Answer 38

Sensory recpeotes for a salivary reflex or a condition reflex But cant enhance

Answer 39

``` Increased presence of food in mouth - chemical and mechanical Increased of smell of food Time of day - increased in afternoon and reduced in night Season - lowest in winter and highest in summer Light: - bright increased and dark decreased Hydration: - reduced dehydrated Body positon: - increased standing and reduced sitting Drugs: - on glands and nerves Reduces with age ```

Answer 40

Defintion: - unstimulated flow less than 50% of normal Causes: - disease such as systemic, intrinsic or extrinsic - medication such as analgesics antidepressants and anti-histamines - dehydration, nerve damage tobacco and alcohol and stress and anxiety

Answer 41

``` Eating: - taste alteration - dysphagia - mastication problems - avoid foods Social - speech difficulties - bad breath - sip water QoL: - embarrassment and self conscious - irrtibale - discomfort with dentures ```

Answer 42

Oral cavity: - food debris, poorly fitting denture and bad breath Mucosa: - burn sense, dry and sticky mucosa, dental mirror sticks - mucositis, ginguvigs, mouth lesions and infection - infection, ulcers and fissures, and erythematosus Tongue: - erythrma, atrophy of filiform, dry and fissured Teeth: - dental caries (cervical and root caries) and demin Lips: - cracked lips, peeling and fissuring and angular cheiltis Saliva: - reduced pooling, stringy and frothy saliva

Answer 43

Long term autoimmune disease affecting body moisture producing glands (mouth and dry eyes) Prevalence: - 1/100 Lab test and imaging Between 35-50 More common in females Family history Symptoms: - dry eyes and dry mouth - dry throat, dry nose, cracked tongue dry skin, persistent dry cough and prolonged fatigue Causes: - unknown but combination of genetics hormonal and environmental Diagnoses: - blood test via antibodies and rheumatoid factor Salivary flow test Eye test - function of lacrimal glands Lip/salivary gland biopsy - reveal lympho closed around salivary due to gland inflammation No known treatment

Salivary Glands Flashcards

(67 cards)