Muscles of Facial Expression

Question 1

Canthus

Answer 1

Angle of the eye

Question 2

Ala

Answer 2

Wing, lateral aspect of nostril

Question 3

Philtrum

Answer 3

Depression on upper lip area

Question 4

Philtral ridges

Answer 4

Ridges on either side of philtrum

Question 5

Labiomental groove

Answer 5

Groove between chin and lower lip

Question 6

Nasolabial furrow

Answer 6

Groove from lateral nose to lateral lip

Question 7

Labial tubercle

Answer 7

Bulge in midline of upper lip

Question 8

Labial commissure

Answer 8

Thin corner of mouth where lips come together

Question 9

Columnella

Answer 9

“Column” of tissue between nostrils

Question 10

Modiolus

Answer 10

Thickening in cheek near labial commissure caused by crossing over of buccinator muscle fibers

Question 11

Palpebrae

Answer 11

Eyelid (superior and inferior)

Question 12

Rules of muscles of facial expression

Answer 12

1. Origin: bone or deep fascia; Insertion: skin or other muscles of facial expression
2. Variable size, placement, and strength and they change with age
3. All muscles of facial expression are innervated by the facial nerve

Question 13

What openings of the skull are the muscles of facial expression found around?

Answer 13

1. Mouth
2. Orbit
3. Nose
4. Ear

Question 14

Muscles of the scalp

Answer 14

Occipitofrontalis/Epicranius

Question 15

Galea Aponeurotica

Answer 15

• Epicranial Aponeurosis

- Joins frontal and occipital bellies of occipitofrontalis/epicranius

Question 16

General rule of wrinkles

Answer 16

Muscles of facial expression will have wrinkles perpendicular to muscle fibers due to insertion into skin

Question 17

Extrinsic muscles of the ear

Answer 17

1. Auricularis posterior
2. Auricularis anterior
3. Auricularis superior

Question 18

Muscles around orbit

Answer 18

1. Orbicularis oculi

2. Corrugator Supercilii

Question 19

Parts of orbicularis oculi (actions)

Answer 19

1. Orbital part (“wink”/contorts eye)
2. Palpebral part (“blink”/closes eyelid)
3. Lacrimal part

Question 20

Muscles of the nose

Answer 20

1. Procerus
2. Nasalis
3. Depressor septi

Question 21

Procerus action

Answer 21

Wrinkles nose (horizontal wrinkles)

Question 22

Parts of Nasalis

Answer 22

1. Compressor

2. Dilator

Question 23

Origin of compressor part of nasalis

Answer 23

Maxilla over root of canine/canine eminence

Question 24

Dilator part of nasalis (origin, insertion, action)

Answer 24

• Origin: maxilla over root of lateral incisor
• Insertion: ala of nostril
• Action: dilates/flares nostrils

Question 25

Depressor Septi (origin, insertion, action)

Answer 25

- Origin: maxilla over root of central incisor - Insertion: columnella - Action: depresses nasal septum

Question 26

Muscles of the mouth

Answer 26

1. Levator labii superioris alaque nasi 2. Levator labii superioris 3. Levator anguli oris 4. Zygomaticus minor 5. Zygomaticus major 6. Risorius 7. Buccinator 8. Depressor anguli oris 9. Depressor labii inferioris 10. Mentalis 11. Orbicularis oris

Question 27

What is the main elevator of the upper lip?

Answer 27

Levator labii superioris

Question 28

Origin of the levator labii superioris

Answer 28

Infraorbital rim (covers infraorbital foramen)

Question 29

Another name for levator anguli oris

Answer 29

Canine muscle

Question 30

Origin of the levator anguli oris

Answer 30

Canine fossa

Question 31

Which muscles does the zygomaticus minor commonly blend with?

Answer 31

1. Orbicularis oculi | 2. Levator labii superioris

Question 32

Zygomaticus major (origin and insertion)

Answer 32

- Origin: zygomatic bone | - Insertion: anguli oris

Question 33

Origin of risorius

Answer 33

Deep fascia over parotid gland and masseter muscle (parotideomasseteric fascia)

Question 34

Action of risorius

Answer 34

"smirk" muscle

Question 35

Old name of depressor anguli oris

Answer 35

Triangularis muscle

Question 36

Old name of depressor labii inferioris

Answer 36

Quadrilateral muscle

Question 37

What muscle of facial expression covers the mental foramen?

Answer 37

Depressor labii inferioris

Question 38

Origin of the mentalis

Answer 38

Sides of the mental protuberance

Question 39

Action of the mentalis

Answer 39

"pouting" muscle

Question 40

Platysma (origin and insertion)

Answer 40

- Origin: deep fascia over pectoralis major and deltoid | - Insertion: body of mandible with some muscle fibers to angle of mandible (between risorius and depressor anguli oris)

Question 41

What forms the superior and inferior limits of the pterygomandibular raphe?

Answer 41

- Superior: pterygoid hamulus | - Inferior: most posterior point of mylohyoid line

Question 42

What muscles form the pterygomandibular raphe?

Answer 42

1. Superior pharyngeal constrictor | 2. Buccinator

Question 43

Origin of buccinator

Answer 43

- Superior: 0.25" superior to alveolar crest of maxilla over molars - Posterior: Pterygomandibular raphe - Inferior: 0.25" inferior to alveolar crest of mandible over molars

Question 44

Insertion of buccinator

Answer 44

1. Upper and lower lips | 2. Deeper strata of orbicularis oris

Question 45

Buccal space

Answer 45

Space between buccinator and anterior border of masseter

Question 46

What fills the buccal space?

Answer 46

Buccal fat pad

Question 47

Suctorial pad

Answer 47

Large buccal fat pad in infants

Question 48

What fascia covers the superior pharyngeal constrictor and buccinator?

Answer 48

Buccopharyngeal fascia

Question 49

Where does the parotid duct open into the oral cavity?

Answer 49

in the vestibule opposite the maxillary second molar via the parotid papilla

Question 50

What layers does the parotid duct pass through as it goes into the oral cavity (superficial to deep)?

Answer 50

1. Buccal fat pad 2. Buccopharyngeal fascia 3. Buccinator 4. Oral mucosa