Muscles of Mastication Flashcards
(121 cards)
1
Q
_____ ANATOMY or oral cavity includes ▪DENTITION AND SUPPORTIVE STRUCTURES▪SKELETAL COMPONENTS▪TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINTS a.k.a. the TMJ▪LIGAMENTS▪MUSCLES
A
Functional Anatomy
2
Q
What bones are involved in TMJ?
A
Temporal and mandible
3
Q
2 MAXILLARY BONES are FUSED TOGETHER AT THE ________
A
MID-PALATAL SUTURE
4
Q
____ border of maxilla makes up the FLOOR OF THE NASAL CAVITY AND ORBIT
A
Superior border of maxilla
5
Q
____ border of maxilla makes up the PALATE AND ALVEOLAR RIDGE
A
Inferior border of maxilla
6
Q
What are the 4 processes of the maxilla?
A
Zygomatic, frontal, alveolar, palatine
7
Q
_______ extends from the incisive papilla to the distal end of the hard palate. The overlying mucosa is tightly attached and thin. Relief is usually required to prevent soreness. The underlying bone is dense and often raised forming a torus palatinus
A
Midline palatal suture-
8
Q
______ the orifice of the anterior palatine nerve and blood vessels. Relief in this area is usually not required due to the abundant overlying tissues
A
Major palatine foramen-
9
Q
_____ aspect of the mandible includes Alveolar crest and Teeth
A
SUPERIOR ASPECT
10
Q
____ aspect of the mandible includes Mandibular Angle, Ascending Ramus, Coronoid process, and Condyle
A
Body/Posterior Aspect
11
Q
_________ is a ridge of dense bone from the mental foramen, coursing superiorly and distally to become continuous with the anterior region of the ramus. This line is the attachment site of the buccinator muscle and an anatomic guide for the lateral termination of the buccal flange of the mandibular denture
A
External Oblique Line
12
Q
the anterior exit of the mandibular canal and the inferior alveolar nerve. In cases of severe residual ridge resorption, the foramen occupies a more superior position on then ridge and the denture base must be relieved to prevent nerve compression and pain
A
Mental Foramen
13
Q
______ states that bone in a healthy person or animal will adapt to the loads under which it is placed.
A
Wolff’s law
14
Q
Part of the mandible that articulates with the cranium; contains medial and lateral poles
A
Condyle
15
Q
Squamous portion articulates the mandibular condyle; contains ARTICULAR or GLENOID FOSSA
A
Temporal bone
16
Q
_____ is Thick dense bone to tolerate heavy forces
A
ARTICULAR EMINENCE –
17
Q
____ head of the masseter has fibers that run down and back
A
Superificial
18
Q
____ head of the masseter has fibers that run in a vertical direction
A
deep
19
Q
What muscle is this?
A
Masseter
20
Q
Origin of the ____ muscle includes: Anterior 2/3 of the lower border of ZYGOMATICH ARCH; medial surface of zygomatic arch
A
Masseter
21
Q
Insertion of the ____ muscle includes: LATERAL SURFACE OF RAMUS andANGLE OF THE MANDIBLE
A
Masseter
22
Q
_____ muscle elevates the mandible that is a powerful muscle providing the force for chewing
A
Masseter
23
Q
____ head of the masseter aids in protrusion
A
Superficial head of masseter
24
Q
_____ head of masseter STABILIZES THE CONDYLE AGAINST THE EMINENCE
A
Deep head of masseter
25
Origin of _____ muscle: TEMPORAL FOSSA and LATERAL SURFACE OF THE SKULL
Temporalis
26
Insertion of _____ muscle: CORONOID PROCESS and ANTERIOR BORDER OF ASCENDING RAMUS
Temporalis
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\_\_\_\_\_ portion of Temporalis contain vertical directed fibers
Anterior
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\_\_\_\_\_ portion of Temporalis contain fibers running obliquely across the lateral aspect of the skull
Middle
29
\_\_\_\_\_ portion of Temporalis contain horizontal fibers come forward above the ear to join other fibers
Posterior
30
What muscle is this?
Temporalis
31
\_\_\_\_\_ nerve runs thru the mandibular foramen
Alveolar nerve
32
\_\_\_\_\_ muscle raises mandible vertically, elevates and retrudes the mandible, and aids in retrusion of the mandible
Temporalis
33
\_\_\_\_ portion of the temporalis where MANDIBLE IS RAISED VERTICALLY
ANTERIOR TEMPORALIS
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\_\_\_\_ portion of the temporalis ELEVATES AND RETRUDES THE MANDIBLE
MIDDLE TEMPORALIS
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\_\_\_\_\_ portion of the temporalis AIDS IN RETRUSION OF THE MANDIBLE
Posterior temporalis
36
What muscle is this?
Lateral Pterygoid
37
Origin of ____ muscle is outer surface of the lateral pterygoid plate
Lateral pterygoid
38
Insertion of ______ muscle is the neck of the condyle
Inferior Lateral Pterygoid
39
\_\_\_\_\_ muscle extends back, up and out
Inferior lateral Pterygoid
40
BILATERAL CONTRACTION of ____ muscle Causes the condyles to be pulled down the articular eminences and the mandible is protruded
Inferior Lateral Pterygoid
41
UNILATERAL CONTRACTION of ____ muscle Causes mediotrusivemovement (downward, forward, and medially)
Inferior Lateral Pterygoid
42
Origin of ____ muscle: infratemporal surface of the greater sphenoid wing, lateral wall of the pterygoid plate
Superior lateral pterygoid
43
Insertion of ____ muscle: disk, capsule, and neck of the condyle
Superior lateral pterygoid
44
\_\_\_\_ muscle is Inactive during mandibular opening; Active only with elevator muscles (closure of the mandible)
Superior lateral pterygoid
45
\_\_\_\_ muscle is active during the power stroke: this muscle is active during mandibular closure against resistance (chewing or clenching), positions the disc against the articular eminence
Superior lateral pterygoid
46
Origin of ___ muscle: Inferior Head, on the lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone
Inferior Lateral Pterygoid
47
Insertion of _____ muscle: The two heads fuse into one mass, but fibers of the superior head insert into the capsule and through it indirectly onto the anterior surface of the articular disk. The remaining fibers insert below the capsule into the anterior (medial) surface of the mandible neck in a triangular area
Inferior Lateral Pterygoid
48
\_\_\_\_ movement of the mandible will move the coronoid process toward the maxilla
Lateral movement
49
Origin of ____ muscle: terygoid fossa, medial surface of the pterygoid plate
Medial Pterygoid
50
Insertion of _____ muscle: medial surface of the mandibular angle
Medial Pterygoid
51
What muscle is this?
Medial Pterygoid
52
\_\_\_\_ muscle ELEVATES the mandible, PROTRUDES the mandible, UNILATERAL contraction results in mediotrusion
Medial Pterygoid
53
What 2 muscles make up the masseter sling?
Masseter and Medial Pterygoid
54
Which muscles close the mandible together?
Masseter and Medial Pterygoid
55
What are the 2 soft palate depressors?
Palatoglossus and Palatopharyngeal
56
Are the soft palate depressors attached to bone?
No
57
What are the 3 soft palate elevators?
Tensor veli palatini, levator veli palatini, and Musculus uvulae
58
\_\_\_\_\_ muscles close off oropharynx from nasopharynx
Soft palate elevators
59
Are the soft palate elevators attached to bone?
Yes
60
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ consists of the junction between the superior constrictor and the buccinator muscles. It forms part of the retromolar pad
Pterygomandibular raphe
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What 2 muscles make up the pterygomandibular raphe?
Superior constrictor and buccinator
62
the action of the masseter muscle reflects the buccinatormuscle in a superior and medial direction. The distobuccal flange of the denture should be contoured to allow freedom for this action otherwise the denture will be displacedor the patient will experience soreness in this area.
Masseter Groove
63
The _____ muscle arises from the outer surfaces of the alveolar processes of the maxilla and mandible,corresponding to the three pairs of molar teeth; and behind, from the anterior border of the pterygomandibularraphéwhich separates it from the superorconstrictor.
buccinator
64
where the buccinatorand superior constrictor connect; Extends from the pterygoidhamulussuperiorly to the alveolar ridge inferiorly under the retromolar gland
Pterygomandibular raphe
65
The muscles that form the sides, entrance, and floor of the oral cavity are the \_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_, and \_\_\_\_\_\_
buccinators, orbicularis oris, and mylohyoids
66
The parts of ____ muscle arise from the lower third of the posterior margin of the medial pterygoidplate and its hamulus(Pterygopharyngealpart); from the pterygomandibularraphe (Buccopharyngealpart); from the alveolar process of the mandible above the posterior end of the mylohyoid line(Myolopharyngealpart); and by a few fibers from the side of the tongue (Glossopharyngeal part)
Superior Constrictor
67
What muscles comprise the suprahyoid group?
GENIOHYOID, MYLOHYOID, DIGASTRIC, and STYLOHYOID
68
\_\_\_\_\_ muscles ELEVATE HYOID BONE and DEPRESS THE MANDIBLE WHEN HYOID BONE IS FIXED
Suprahyoids
69
Origin of ____ muscle: Inferior genial tubercle on the inner surface of mandibular symphysis
Geniohyoid
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Insertion of _____ muscle: Anterior surface of body of hyoid bone
Geniohyoid
71
What is this group of muscles called?
Suprahyoids
72
Origin of _____ muscle: LINE FROM LAST MOLAR ROOT TO MANDIBULAR SYMPHYSIS
Mylohyoid
73
Insertion of ____ muscle: MEDIAN RAPHE FROM CHIN TO HYOID BONE
Mylohyoid
74
\_\_\_\_\_ muscle forms the muscular floor of the mouth. Arises from the ____ ridge of the mandible. Determines the lingual flange extension of the denture. Ends at about thefirst molar area.
Mylohyoid muscle; Mylohyoid ridge
75
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is present on the lingual surface of the anterior mandible and serve as the attachment sites of the genioglossusand geniohyoidmuscles of the tongue. In patients with severe ridge resorption (see R photo), the geniotuberclesmay cause discomfort if they are more exposed to the denture base.
Geniotubercle (Mental Spines)
76
Origin of ____ muscle: The posterior belly, longer than the anterior, arises from the mastoid process▪The anterior belly arises from a depression on the inner side of the lower border of the mandible, close to the symphysis
Digastric Muscle
77
Insertion of ____ muscle: hyoid bone
Digastric muscle
78
Origin of ____ muscle: posterior border of styloid process
Stylohyoid muscle
79
Insertion of ____ muscle: hyoid bone
Stylohyoid muscle
80
Oris orbicularis, Zygomatic Major and Minor, Risorius, and Levator Labii superioris make up the ____ muscles of the mouth
Maxillary
81
Oris orbicularis, Depressor labii (inferior), Mentalis,Depressor angularis, and Risorius make up ____ muscles of the mouth
Mandibular
82
What are the 4 muscles of facial expression?
Modiolus, Buccinator, Mentalis, and Orbicularis oris
83
Do the muscles of facial expression insert in bone?
No
84
\_\_\_\_\_ is at the corner of the mouth
Modiolus
85
\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a concentration of several muscle groups and is situated laterally and slightly superiorly to the corner of the mouth. This is an area where extrinsic perioral muscles join intrinsic fibers of the orbicularis orismuscle. It is a very forceful area which can influence the labial flange thickness of the maxillary denture.
Modiolus
86
\_\_\_\_\_ muscle provides support and mobility of the soft tissues of the cheek. The muscle fibers contract in a line parallel to the plane of occlusion. As people age, tension is lost in this muscle which predisposes a patient to cheek biting (espwith a new denture). The masseter often exerts it’sforce through this muscle
Buccinator
87
This muscle and associated fat pad, can be an interference when prepping 2ndmolars for a crown.
Buccinator
88
\_\_\_\_\_\_ elevates the skin of the chin and turns the lower lip outward. Dictates the length and thickness of the labial flange extension of the lower denture.With the severely resorbed mandible, this muscle will lose it’s attachment.
Mentalis
89
Origin of ___ muscle: incisive fossa of the mandible
Mentalis
90
Insertion of ____ muscle: soft tissue of the lower lip
Mentalis
91
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the sphincter muscle of the mouth. It has no skeletal attachmentsand is composed of many muscles that converge at the modiolus.
Orbicularis Oris
92
The muscles of facial expression are all innervated by \_\_\_\_\_\_
Facial Nerve (CN VII)
93
Muscles of _____ these muscles assist with the functions of chewing, swallowing, and speaking. Any deficiency may create problems with these actions, andmay create difficulties with wearing a dental prosthesis.
Facial Expression
94
The modiolus is a chiasma of facial muscles held together by \_\_\_\_\_\_, located lateral and slightly superior to each angle of the mouth. It is important in moving the mouth, facial expression and in dentistry.
fibrous tissue
95
When the \_\_\_\_\_. muscle contracts, the lips close
Orbicularis oris
96
The ______ muscle has no real bony origin. Instead, it is entirely rimmed by the insertions of other muscles of facial expression, most of which do originate on bone.
orbicularis oris
97
Origin: Height of zygomatic bone just anterior to the zygomaticus major
Insertion: Corner of the mouth
Zygomaticus Major
98
The _______ muscle is oblong, flat, and cylindrical. It is positioned lateral to and above the angle of the mouth. It originates at the zygomatic bone, lateral to the levatorlabii superioris muscle, and inserts in skin just superior to and at the angle of the mouth.
zygomaticus major
99
The _____ muscle’s action is to draw the angle of the mouth laterally and upward.
Zygomaticus Major
100
\_\_\_\_\_ muscle is medial to zygomaticus major and elevates corner of mouth
Zygomaticus minor
101
Origin: frontal process of the maxilla
Insertion: Skin of the wing of the nose.
Levator Labii Superioris alaeque nasi LLSAN
102
\_\_\_\_\_ muscle acts to elevate the upper lip, widen the nasal opening, and raise the corner of the mouth
Levator Labii superioris LLS
103
O –a line paralleling the infraorbital margin
I -skin of the lip just below the nasolabial sulcus as far as the vermilion border
Levator Labii superioris LLS
104
\_\_\_\_. muscle acts to draw the angle of the mouth downward
Depressor anguli oris DAO
105
O –lower border of the lateral body of the mandible just above platysma
I –The modiolus at the corner of the mouth
Depressor anguli oris DAO
106
\_\_\_\_ muscle depresses and inverts the lower lip
Depressor labii inferioris DLI
107
O –On the lateral body of the mandible, just above the depressor angulioris
I –by tiers to the skin above the mentolabialfold
Depressor labii Inferioris DLI
108
O –On the lateral body of the mandible, just above the depressor anguli oris
I –Risorius, and orbicularis oris, modiolus
Depressor angular oris DAO
109
\_\_\_\_\_ muscle draws the angle of the mouth downward and laterally
Depressor angular oris DAO
110
\_\_\_\_ muscle tightens lower lip and moves lip down
Mentalis
111
O –forms a circular area that extends from the central incisor to the canine eminence, on the anterior lateral mandible
I –Into the skin, the chin and the lip
Mentalis
112
O –labial border of the mandible
I–into the lower lip
Depressor labii inferioris
113
To depress the mandible, what muscles must contract?
INFERIOR LATERAL PTERYGOIDS and DIGASTRIC
114
To depress the mandible, what muscles must relax?
MASSETERS, MEDIAL PTERYGOIDS, and TEMPORALIS
115
What muscles must contract to elevate mandible?
MASSETERS, MEDIAL PTERYGOID, TEMPORALIS, and SUPERIOR LATERAL PTERYGOID
116
What muscles must relax to elevate the mandible?
INFERIOR LATERAL PTERYGOID and DIGASTRIC
117
What muscles must contract to allow right lateral movement of mandible?
Left inferior lateral pterygoid
118
What muscle must relax to allow right lateral movement?
Right Inferior Lateral Pterygoid and Slightly elevators
119
Protrustion of the mandible is caused by the contraction of what muscles?
Inferior lateral pterygoids
120
What muscles assist in contraction to protrude the mandible?
Masseters and medial pterygoid
121
What muscles contracts to retrude the mandible?
Temporalis
