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Musculoskeletal System > Muscles of Neck > Flashcards

Muscles of Neck Flashcards

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1
Q

NECK

A

ANTERIORLY - Lower border mandible to upper surface manubrium of sternum
POSTERIORLY - Superior nuchal line (on occipital bone) to Intervertebral disc C7 and T1

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2
Q

FASCIA OF NECK

A

SUPERFICIAL Fascia
- thin sheet muscle (platysma)
DEEP Fascia
- Investing layer: surrounds all structures in neck
- Prevertebral layer: surrounds vertebral column and muscles of back
- Pretracheal layer: encloses viscera neck
- Carotid sheaths: surrounds Common Carotid Artery, Internal Carotid Artery, Internal Jugular Vein and Vagus Nerve

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3
Q

SUPERFICIAL DRAINAGE NECK (External Jugular Vein)

A

Formed Posterior to mandible - union posterior auricular and retromandibular veins
Superficial to SternocIeidomastoid
Pass DEEP to clavicle, drains into Subclavian vein
TRIBUTARIES:
- Posterior External Jugular Vein
“ Transverse Cervical Vein
- Suprascapular Vein

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4
Q

SUPERFICIAL DRAINAGE (Anterior Jugular Vein)

A

Drains Anterior aspect
Venous channels fuse Superior to Hyoid Bone
Either side of midline
Inferiorly, medial Sternocleidomastoid
Drains into Subclavian vein
Anterior Jugular vein communicates via Jugular Venous Arch (suprasternal notch)

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5
Q

SUPRAHYOID MUSCLES

A

Related to Submandibular and Submental triangles
- Stylohyoid
- Digastric (Posterior/Anterior)
- Mylohyoid
- Geniohyoid

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6
Q

STYLOHYOID (Origin)

A

Base Styloid process

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7
Q

STYLOHYOID (Insertion)

A

Lateral body Hyoid

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8
Q

STYLOHYOID (Innervation)

A

Fascial Nerve

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9
Q

STYLOHYOID (Action)

A

Pulls hyoid posterosuperior direction (during swallowing)

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10
Q

DIGASTRIC - POSTERIOR BELLY (Origin)

A

Mastoid process temporal bone

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11
Q

DIGASTRIC - POSTERIOR BELLY (Insertion)

A

Attachment tendon (tendon attach Hyoid)

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12
Q

DIGASTRIC - POSTERIOR BELLY (Innervation)

A

Fascial Nerve

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13
Q

DIGASTRIC - POSTERIOR BELLY (Action)

A

Pulls Hyoid posterosuperior direction (when mandible fixed)

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14
Q

DIGASTRIC - ANTERIOR BELLY (Origin)

A

Digastric fossa mandible

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15
Q

DIGASTRIC - ANTERIOR BELLY (Insertion)

A

Attached tendon (tendon to Hyoid)

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16
Q

DIGASTRIC - ANTERIOR BELLY (Innervation)

A

Mylohyoid Nerve (branch Mandibular Nerve)

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17
Q

DIGASTRIC - ANTERIOR BELLY (Action)

A

Opens mouth - lowering mandible (Hyoid fixed)

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18
Q

MYLOHYOID (Origin)

A

~ Superior to Digastric Anterior Belly
Mylohyoid line mandible

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19
Q

MYLOHYOID (Insertion)

A

Hyoid Body

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20
Q

MYLOHYOID (Innervation)

A

Mylohyoid Nerve (branch Mandibular Nerve)

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21
Q

MYLOHYOID (Action)

A

Support and Elevation floor mouth
Elevation Hyoid

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22
Q

GENIOHYOID (Origin)

A

~ Superior to floor oral cavity
Genial Tubercle (Mental spine) of mandible

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23
Q

GENIOHYOID (Insertion)

A

Anterior body Hyoid

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24
Q

GENIOHYOID (Innervation)

A

Anterior ramus C1

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25
GENIOHYOID (Action)
Mandible fixed = Pulls Hyoid Anteriorly Hyoid fixed Pulls mandible Inferiorly
26
INFRAHYOID MUSCLES
Muscular Triangle ~ known as "Strap" muscles - Sternohyoid - Omohyoid - Thyrohyoid - Sternothyroid
27
STERNOHYOID (Origin)
Posterior aspect Sternodavicular joint
28
STERNOHYOID (Insertion)
Hyoid body, medial to omohyoid
29
STERNOHYOID (Innervation)
Anterior ramus C1-C3 via Ansa Cervicalis
30
STERNOHYOID (Action)
Depress Hyoid after swallowing
31
OMOHYOID (Origin/Insertion)
INFERIOR Belly - superior border scapula, medial suprascapular notch ... BLENDS INTO TENDON ... SUPERIOR Belly - ascends from intermediate tendon to Hyoid body
32
OMOHYOID (Innervation)
Anterior ramus C1-C3, via Ansa Cervicalis
33
OMOHYOID (Action)
Depress and fixes Hyoid
34
THYROHYOID (Origin)
~ Deep to Omohyoid and Sternohyoid Oblique line Thyroid Cartilage
35
THYROHYOID (Insertion)
Greater horn Hyoid
36
THYROHYOlD (Innervation)
Anterior ramus C1
37
THYROHYOID (Action)
Depresses Hyoid Raises larynx when Hyoid fixed
38
STERNOTHYROID (Origin)
~ Fibres blend with Thyrohyoid Posterior surface manubrium
39
STERNOTHYROID (Insertion)
Oblique line thyroid cartilage
40
STERNOTHYROID (Innervation)
Anterior Ramus C1-C3, via Ansa Cervicalis
41
STERNOTHYROID (Action)
Depress Hyoid Draws larynx forward
42
ANTERIOR TRIANGLE NECK
Boundaries: LATERALLY- SternocIeidomastoid SUPERIORLY - Inferior border mandible MEDIALLY - Midline neck 4 TRIANGLES: 1. Submandibular 2. Submental 3. Muscular 4. Carotid
43
SUBMANDIBULAR TRIANGLE (Boundaries)
~ Paired triangle SUPERIORLY- Interior border mandible MEDIALLY- midline neck INFERIORLY - Anterior/Posterior Bellies Digastric
44
SUBMANDIBULAR TRIANGLE (Contents)
Submandibular gland Submandibular lymph nodes Hypoglossal Nerve Mylohyoid Nerve Facial Artery Facial Vein
45
SUBMENTAL TRIANGLE (Boundaries)
~ Unpaired triangle INFERIORLY - Hyoid MEDIALLY - midline neck LATERALLY - Anterior belly Digastric
46
SUBMENTAL TRIANGLE (Contents)
Submental lymph nodes Tributaries forming Anterior Jugular Vein
47
MUSCULAR TRIANGLE (Boundaries)
~ Unpaired triangle SUPERIORLY - Hyoid MEDIALLY - midline neck INFERIORLY - Anterior border SternocIeidomastoid and Superior Belly Omohyoid
48
MUSCULAR TRIANGLE (Contents)
Sternohyoid Omohyoid Thyrohyoid Sternothyroid Thyroid and Parathyroid glands Pharynx
49
CAROTID TRIANGLE (Boundaries)
ANTEROINFERIORLY - Superior Belly Omohyoid MEDIALLY - midline neck POSTERIORLY - Anterior border Sternocleidomastoid SUPERIOR - Stylohyoid and Posterior Belly Digastric
50
CAROTID TRIANGLE (Contents)
Tributaries forming Common Facial Vein External Carotid Artery Internal Carotid Artery Internal Jugular Vein Cervical branch Facial Nerve Vagus Nerve Hypoglossal Nerve Accessory Spinal Nerve Superior thyroid Pharyngeal Artery Lingual Artery Facial Artery Occipital Artery
51
NEUROVASCULAR STRUCTURES (ANTERIOR TRIANGLES)
Carotid System Internal Jugular Vein Glossopharyngeal Nerve Vagus Nerve Accessory Nerve
52
ANSA CERVICALIS
Loop Nerve fibres C1-C3 Innervates Infrahyoid muscles Begins C1 Anterior ramus joins Hypoglossal Nerve Nerve fibres pass between IJV and ICA Form Superior Root Ansa Cervicalis Completing loop direct branch Cervical Plexus (C2-C3 Anterior Ramus) Form Inferior Root Ansa Cervical is Descends Medial/Lateral Internal Jugular Vein, turning Medially join Superior Root
53
POSTERIOR TRIANGLE NECK (Boundaries)
ANTERIOR - Posterior edge SternocIeidomastoid POSTERIOR- Anterior border Trapezius BASE - Middle 1/3 Clavicle APEX - Occipital bone (Posterior to Mastoid Process) ROOF- investing layer fascia FLOOR - muscular floor in prevertebral fascia ~ splenius capitis ~ levator scapulae ~ posterior scalene ~ middle scalene ~ anterior scalene Occipital and Subclavian Triangle (by superior belly Omohyoid muscle)
54
STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID (Origin)
STERNAL Head - Anterior surface manubrium CLAVICULAR Head - Medial 1/3 Clavicle
55
STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID (Insertion)
STERNAL Head- Lateral 1/2 superior nuchal line CLAVICULAR Head - Lateral surface mastoid process
56
STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID (Innervation)
Accessory Spinal Nerve (branch C2-C3)
57
STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID (Action)
INDIVIDUALLY - tilt head to shoulder TOGETHER- draws head forward
58
ANTERIOR SCALENE (Origin)
Anterior tubercle transverse process C3-C6
59
ANTERIOR SCALENE (Insertion)
Scalene tubercle Upper surface Rib 1
60
ANTERIOR SCALENE (Innervation)
Anterior rami C4-C7
61
ANTERIOR SCALENE (ACTION)
Elevation Rib 1
62
MIDDLE SCALENE (Origin)
Transverse Process C2- C7
63
MIDDLE SCALENE (Insertion)
Upper surface Rib 1 Posterior to groove for Subclavian Artery
64
MIDDLE SCALENE (Innervation)
Anterior Rami C3-C7
65
MIDDLE SCALENE (Action)
Elevation Rib 1
66
POSTERIOR SCALENE (Origin)
Posterior tubercles transverse process C4- C6
67
POSTERIOR SCALENE (Insertion)
Upper surface Rib 2
68
POSTERIOR SCALENE (Innervation)
Anterior Rami C5- C7
69
POSTERIOR SCALENE (Action)
Elevation Rib 2
70
NEUROVASCULAR STRUCTURES - POSTERIOR TRIANGLE NECK
External Jugular Vein Subclavian Artery Cutaneous Nerve
71
EXTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN
Cross SternocIeidomastoid Descends lower part triangle Pierces investing layer cervical fascia Drain into Subclavian vein
72
SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY
Scalene muscle divides! 1ST PART Ascends medial border anterior scalene 2ND PART Laterally between Anterion /Middle Scalene 3RD PART Between Anterior/Middle scalene, crosses base triangle
73
CUTANEOUS NERVE
LESSER OCCIPITAL NERVE - C2 Ascends posterior border Sternocleidomastoid supplies skin on neck, scalp and behind ear GREATER AURICULAR NERVE - C2, C3 Ascends Posterior border Sternocleidomastoid supplies skin over parotid and mastoid region TRANSVERSE CERVICAL NERVE - C2, C3 Around midpart Sternocleidomastoid Supplies lateral and anterior parts neck

Musculoskeletal System (17 decks)

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