Muscles of Respiration

Question 1

Muscles of Inspiration..

Answer 1

1. Sternocleidomastoid
2. Scalenes
3. Pectoralis Major
4. Pectoralis Minor
5. Subclavius
6. Trapezius
7. Diaphragm
8. External Intercostals

Question 2

Action of Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 2

• raise and expand rib cage (thoratic cavity)

Question 3

Sternocleidomastoid Muscle

Answer 3

• anterior neck muscle
• flex and rotate the head
• cosists of
  
  • Sternal Head
  • Clavicular Head

Question 4

What are the 2 origins of the Sternocleidomastoid muscle?

Answer 4

• Sternal Head Origin= manubrium
• Clavicular Head Origin= sternal end of clavicle
• 2 origins run into same muscle

Question 5

Insertion of Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 5

• two heads unite and continue upward to insert as a single muscle into mastoid process of temporal bone
• INSERTION STAYS STABLE, RIB CAGE MOVES
• reverse typical function on origin-insertion

Question 6

Scalenes

Answer 6

• anterior, middle, and posterior
• Cervical Vertebrae
• origin is above insertion
• insertion is pulled up towards origin and rib cage is pulled up
• as the rib cage expands, this helps us breathe

Question 7

Anterior Scalenes Origin

Answer 7

• transverse process of C3-C6

Question 8

Anterior Scalenes Insertion

Answer 8

• course down and insert at upper surface of 1st rib

Question 9

Middle Scalenes Origin

Answer 9

• transverse process of C2-C7

Question 10

Middle Scalenes Insertion

Answer 10

• upper surface of 1st rib

Question 11

Posterior Scalenes Origin

Answer 11

• transverse process of lowest two cervical vertebrae
• C6 and C7

Question 12

Posterior Scalenes Insertion

Answer 12

• outer surface of 2nd rib

Question 13

Pectoralis Major

Answer 13

• powerful muscle
• adduction and rotation of arm
• elevate rib cage
• insertion stays stable!

Question 14

Pectoralis Major Origin

Answer 14

• clavicle and sternum

Question 15

Pectoralis Major Insertion

Answer 15

• humerus

Question 16

Pectoralis Minor

Answer 16

• deep to pectoralis major
• depress shoulders
• elevate ribs
• insertion stays stable!

Question 17

Pectoralis Minor Origin

Answer 17

• anterior surfaces of ribs 2-5

Question 18

Pectoralis Minor Insertion

Answer 18

• scapula

Question 19

Subclavius

Answer 19

• draws shoulders forward and slightly downward
• elevate ribs
• insertion stays stable!

Question 20

Subclavius Origin

Answer 20

• junction of rib 1 and costal cart

Question 21

Subclavius Insertion

Answer 21

• inferior border of clavicle

Question 22

Trapezius

Answer 22

• superficial, thick, broad, trapezoid shaped muscle in the upper back
• elevates and upwardly rotates scapula
• retracts scapula
• tilts head backwards
• stablizes shoulders and indirectly the rib cage

Question 23

Trapezius Origins

Answer 23

• cranial base
• cervical vertebrae
• thoracic vertebrae

Question 24

Trapezius Insertion

Answer 24

• scapula
• lateral third of clavicle

Question 25

Diaphragm

Answer 25

* divides thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity * dome shaped structure * penetrated by esophagus and aorta

Question 26

Diaphragm Action

Answer 26

* flattens * drives central tendon inferiorly * inhalation * creates more space in thoracic cavity

Question 27

Diaphragm Origins

Answer 27

* lower perimeter of the rib cage (ribs 7-11) * xiphoid process of sternum * bodies of upper 4 lumbar vertebrae * rising to an elevated central tendon

Question 28

Diaphragm Insertion

Answer 28

* central tendon

Question 29

External Intercostals

Answer 29

* between the ribs * raise the ribs

Question 30

External Intercostals Origin

Answer 30

* inferior margin (bottom) of one rib

Question 31

External Intercostals Insertion

Answer 31

* superior margin (top) of the subadjacent rib

Question 32

Muscles of Expiration

Answer 32

* Transverse Abdominal * Internal Abdominal Oblique * External Oblique * Internal Intercostals * Rectus Abdominis

Question 33

Transverse Abdominal

Answer 33

* deepest and thinnest of 3 lateral abdominal muscles * encircles the abdominal inner surfaces

Question 34

Transverse Abdominal Action

Answer 34

* Antagonist to diaphragm * compress abdomen * = exhalation * pushes up on diaphragm and creates less space in thoracic cavity

Question 35

Transverse Abdominal Origins

Answer 35

* inner surfaces of ribs 6-12 * lumdodorsal fascia * anterior 3/4 illiac crest

Question 36

Transverse Abdominal Insertion

Answer 36

* abdominal aponeurosis * ..is a broad tendon

Question 37

Internal Abdominal Oblique

Answer 37

* compress abdomen * push contents up * exhalation

Question 38

Internal Abdominal Oblique Origin

Answer 38

* lateral half of inguinal ligament * anterior 2/3 of illiac crest

Question 39

Internal Abdominal Oblique Insertion

Answer 39

* lower borders of ribs 8, 9, 10 * linea alba

Question 40

External Oblique

Answer 40

* thickest of the 3 muscles of the lateral abdominal wall and most superficial

Question 41

External Oblique Action

Answer 41

* Compresses abdominal contents * exhalation

Question 42

External Oblique Origin

Answer 42

* exterior surfaces and lower borders of ribs 5-12

Question 43

External Oblique Insertion

Answer 43

* anterior half of illiac crest * abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba

Question 44

Internal Intercostals

Answer 44

* lie deep to the external intercostals * fiber orientation is oblique * superior attachment is more distant from the vertebral end than the inferior attachment

Question 45

Internal Intercostals Action

Answer 45

* brings rib closer together up and inward * less thoracic cavity space

Question 46

Internal Intercostal Origin

Answer 46

* inferior margin of one rib

Question 47

Internal Intercostals Insertion

Answer 47

* superior margin of subjacent rib

Question 48

Rectus Abdominis

Answer 48

* depress rib cage * causes content to be compressed * less space

Question 49

Rectus Abdominis Origin

Answer 49

* pubic bone

Question 50

Rectus Abdominis Insertion

Answer 50

* xiphoid process and costal cartilage of ribs 5, 6, and 7.