muscles of the back and neck

Question 1

Muscles of the first superficial layer of the back (extrinsic muscle)

Answer 1

• trapezius
• latissiums dorsi

Question 2

Muscles of the second superficial layer of the back (extrinsic muscle)

Answer 2

• levator scapulae
• Rhomboid major and minor

Question 3

Muscles of the third superficial layer of the back (extrinsic muscle)

Answer 3

• serratus posterior superior
• serratus posterior inferior

Question 4

trapezius origin/insertion

Answer 4

origin - a line from the occipital bone (base of skull) down to vertebrae T12
insert - scapula

Question 5

trapezius functions

Answer 5

• upper fibers: elevation of the scapula
• middle fibers: retraction of the scapula and upward rotation of the scapula
• lower fibers: depression of the scapula and upward rotation of the scapula

Question 6

trapezius innervation

Answer 6

cranial nerve, spinal accessory nerve

Question 7

latissimus dorsi origin/insertion

Answer 7

• very large origin including the crest (top end) of ilium, the lumbar fascia, the lumbar and lower thoracic vertebral spines (t7-t12) and lower three or four ribs
• insertion on bicipital groove

Question 8

latissimus dorsi functions

Answer 8

Functions (primary):
- extension
- adduction and medial (internal) rotation of the arm at the glenohumeral joint
functions (secondary):
- bilateral: extension of the back
- unilateral: ipsilateral lateral flexion of the lumbar spine

Question 9

latissimus dorsi innervations

Answer 9

thoracodorsal nerve (part of the brachial plexus) (c6-c8)

Question 10

seratus anterior origin/insertion

Answer 10

serrated origin from the lateral aspect of the upper nine ribs
fibres run laterally and then backwards around the ribcage and under the scapula then insert on its medial border

Question 11

seratus anterior function

Answer 11

pulls the scapula forward (protraction) and rotates the glenoid fossa upwards

Question 12

seratus anterior innervation

Answer 12

long thoracic nerve of the brachial plexus (c5-c7)

Question 13

levator scapula origin/insertion

Answer 13

origin from the transverse process of c1-c4
insert on the upper medial border of the scapula

Question 14

levator scapula function

Answer 14

elevation of the scapula, depress the glenoid fossa

Question 15

seratus anterior innervation

Answer 15

branches of nerves c3-c5

Question 16

rhomboids origin/insertion

Answer 16

minor origin- ligamentum nuchace and spinous process of c7 and t1
minor insertion - middle medial border of the scapula

major origin - spinous process t2-t5
major insertion - lower third the medial scapular border

Question 17

rhomboid function

Answer 17

elevate and retract scapula and aid in depressing the glenoid fossa

Question 18

rhomboid innervation

Answer 18

dorsal scapular nerve (c5) of the brachial plexus

Question 19

pectoralis major origin/insertion

Answer 19

two heads - two origins

clavicular head
origin- middle of clavicle

costal head
origin- upper costal cartilage and sternum

both insert on the lateral lip of the bicipital groove

Question 20

pectorals major function

Answer 20

adducts, flexes and medially rotates the arm

Question 21

pectorals major innervation

Answer 21

brachial plexus via the medial and lateral pectoral nerves

Question 22

pectoralis minor origin/insertion

Answer 22

origin- ribs 3-5
insert- coracoid process

Question 23

pectoralis minor function

Answer 23

stabilize the scapula and pull upward and forward on the rib cage

Question 24

pectoralis minor innervation

Answer 24

medial pectoral nerve

Question 25

deltoid origin/insertion

Answer 25

origin- continuous line from the lateral third of the clavicle to the acrominon and the lateral third of the spine of the scapula insertion - v shaped roughness on the lateral upper humerus called the deltoid tubercle

Question 26

deltoid function

Answer 26

when all act once it is a powerful abductor of the arm anterior fibres produce flexion middle fibres produce abduction posterior fibers produce extension

Question 27

deltoid innervation

Answer 27

axillary nerve and teres minor

Question 28

teres major insertion/origin

Answer 28

origin- lower part of back insertion- medial lip of the occipital groove

Question 29

teres major function

Answer 29

extends, adducts, and medially rotates the arm

Question 30

teres major innervation

Answer 30

lower sub scapular nerve

Question 31

how many muscles make up the rotator cuff and what are they called

Answer 31

4, subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspimatus, and teres minor

Question 32

rotator curd insertion/origin, function

Answer 32

origin- scapula insertion- humerus function- dynamic ligaments to help reinforce the shoulder joint

Question 33

subscapularis origin/insertion

Answer 33

origin- most of anterior surface of scapula insertion- lesser tubercle of the humerus

Question 34

subscapularis function

Answer 34

powerful medial rotator and weak adductor

Question 35

subscapularis innervation

Answer 35

sub scapular nerve

Question 36

supraspinatus origin/insertion

Answer 36

origin- suprasinous fossa insertion- top facet of the greater tubercle

Question 37

supraspinatus function

Answer 37

iniates abduction

Question 38

supraspinatus innervation

Answer 38

supra scapular nerve

Question 39

teres minor origin/insertion

Answer 39

origin- lower lateral border insertion- inferior facet of the greater tubercle

Question 40

teres minor function

Answer 40

lateral rotator

Question 41

teres minor innervation

Answer 41

axillary nerve

Question 42

infraspinatus origin/insertion

Answer 42

origin- infraspinous fossa insertion- middle facet of the greater tubercle

Question 43

infraspinatus function

Answer 43

laterally rotates the humerus

Question 44

infraspinatus innervation

Answer 44

supra scapular nerve

Question 45

glenohumeral (shoulder) joint classification

Answer 45

synovial, triaxial, ball and socket

Question 46

glenohumeral (shoulder) joint movement

Answer 46

flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, medial and lateral rotation

Question 47

glenohumeral (shoulder) joint bones involved

Answer 47

scapula, humerus

Question 48

glenohumeral (shoulder) joint ligaments

Answer 48

ligaments around joint are weak, except coracohumeral ligament

Question 49

glenohumeral (shoulder) joint innervation

Answer 49

axillary artery

Question 50

other joints in the shoulders

Answer 50

scapulo-thoracic joint

Question 51

what is the sternoclavicular joint

Answer 51

synovial joint between the clavicle and the manubrium (sternum), only joint connecting the upper limbs to the rest of the skeleton

Question 52

sternoclavicular joint function

Answer 52

range of circumduction

Question 53

how many ligaments reinforce the sternoclavicular joint

Answer 53

2, medial sternoclavicular ligament, costoclavicular ligament

Question 54

what is the acromioclavicular joint

Answer 54

articulation of the distal clavicle withe medial facing part of the arcrominon process (on the scapula)

Question 55

how is the acromioclavicular joint reinforced

Answer 55

coracoclavicular ligament