Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

P2 Head, Neck and Neuro > Muscles of the face, facial wound > Flashcards

Muscles of the face, facial wound Flashcards

(91 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the main vessels which supply the face?

A

Facial artery

Superficial temporal artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where does the facial artery arise from?

A

External carotid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where does the facial artery cross onto the face?

A

Crosses lower border of mandible 2.5cm in front of the angle of the mandible.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where in the face are the best facial artery anastomoses?

A

By the superior and inferior labile branches - makes a vascular ring within the tissues of the lips

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where does the superficial temporal artery arise from?

A

The maxillary branch of the external carotid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the path of the superficial temporal artery?

A

Runs upwards from the neck, immediately in front of the tragus of the ear, where is can be felt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the face.

A

Main veins are paired with arteries and drain to the internal jugular vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which salivary gland is the largest?

A

Parotid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which important vessels are found within the parotid gland?

A

Facial nerve and branches Where the external carotid artery branches to superficial temporal artey Reteromandibular vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How long is the parotid duct?

A

5cm long

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the nervous supply of the parotid gland?

A

Parasympathetic nerves stimulate secretion - Glossopharyngeal nerve - CN IX; via the otic ganglion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where is the submandibular gland located?

A

Between the lower surface of the mandible and myohyoid muscle - floor of the mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where does the submandibular duct open in the mouth?

A

On either side of the midline of the floor of the mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which gland is the closest to the oral cavity?

A

Sublingual gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does the sublingual gland pass its secretions into the mouth?

A

Through a dozen minute ducts - some open straight into the floor - others open into submandibular duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What kind of cells are found in the acinus of the salivary glands?

A

Serous cells Mucous cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the parasympathetic supply of other glands than the parotid?

A

Facial nerve - CN VII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

List functions of saliva.

A

Facilitates swallowing Helps speech Contains alpha-amylase Contains IgA Contains lysozyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How much of total secretions from the salivary glands does each one provide?

A

Parotid - 25% Submandibular - 70% Sublingual - 5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How is the isotonic fluid (the primary secretion) formed in the acinar cells of the salivary glands?

A

Active transport of electrolytes followed by passive movement of water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What aquaporin channels are found in salivary acinar cells?

A

AQ5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How does secondary modification of salivary fluid occur?

A

Ion transport pumps are in the epithelial cells lining the ducts. Sodium and chloride are reabsorbed and potassium and bicarbonate are secreted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What osmolality is the final salivary secretion compared to plasma?

A

Hypotonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What can form if the parotid duct is damaged?

A

Salivary mucocele - a collection of salivary leaked from a damaged salivary duct or gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What does a salivary mucocele look like?
A blue/transleuent swelling just under the lining of the mouth
26
Where does the facial nerve originate?
In the pons as large motor root and small sensory root - intermediate nerve 4 nuclei: * superior salivary nucleus * facial motor nucleus * Solitary nucleus * Spinal trigeminal nucleus + tract
27
Where does the facial nerve leave the cranial fossa?
The internal acoustic meatus
28
Where do the two facial nerve roots fuse?
Petrous part of the temporal bone
29
What is formed when the 2 roots fuse?
Geniculate ganglion
30
Which nerve is given off from the facial at the geniculate ganglion?
Greater petrosal nerve - carries mainly preganglionic parasympathetic fibres
31
Which other nerves does the facial nerve give off before it exits the stylomastoid foramen?
Stapedius nerve Chorda tympani - anterior 2/3 of the tongue and subm. and subl. glands
32
What are the five terminal groups of branches of the facial nerve?
* Temporal * Zygomatic * Buccal * Marginal mandibular * Cervical
33
How is the facial nerve tested for clinically?
Ask patient to: - raise eyebrows - frown - show their teeth - puff out their cheeks against pursed lips - scrunch up their eyes, and try to gently open them - check for symmetry
34
In which four modes can violence be inflicted?
* Physical * Sexual * Psychological attack * Deprivation
35
Physical violence can be broken down into three sub-types.
* Self-directed harm * Intrapersonal violence * Collective violence
36
Intrapersonal violence can be broken down into two more subtypes
Family * child * partner * elder Community * acquaintance * stranger
37
How is the public health approach to violence started?
Addressing the underlying risk factors that increase risk of someone becoming a victim or perpetrator of harm
38
What are the four steps of the public health approach to violence?
* Define problem * Establish why violence occurs using research * Find out what works to prevent violence * Implement effective and promising interventions
39
What are the risk factors on an individual level for someone to perpetrate violence?
* Personal history * Biological factors * Victim of child maltreatment * Psychological disorders * Alcohol/substance abuse * History of violence
40
What are possible reasons on a societal level for someone to perpetrate violence?
Economic policies Weapon availability Social and cultural norms * dominance over women * dominance over children * endorsement of violence
41
What are all the muscles of facial expression innervated by?
Facial nerve (CN VII)
42
Which two facial muscles are associated with the orbital group?
* Orbicularis oculi * Corrugator supercilii
43
What is the function of the orbicularis oculi?
Closes the eyelids
44
Name and describe the two major parts of the orbiculris oculi?
* Outer orbital part - broad ring encircling the orbital orifice and extends beyond orbital ring * Inner palpebral part - in the eye lids, consisting of muscle fibres arching from medial to lateral corners of the eye
45
What is the difference between the palpebral and orbital parts of the orbicularis oris?
Both close the eyes * palpebral gently * orbital - forcefully
46
Describe the corrugator supercilii.
* Deep to eyebrows and orbicularis oris. * Active during frowning * Arises from superciliary arch, passing up+laterally to insert into the skin of the medial half of the eyebrow
47
What is the function of corrugator supercilii?
Draws eyebrows towards midline, causing vertical wrinkles above nose
48
Which three muscles are in the nasal group?
* Nasalis * Procerus * Depressor septi nasi
49
What are the two parts of the nasalis?
* Transverse part * Alar part
50
What is the function of the transverse part of the nasalis?
Compresses the nares and forms an apopneurosis with its partner across the dorsum of the nose
51
What is the function of the alar part of the nasalis?
Opens the nares/nostrils
52
Describe the action of the procerus muscule.
Draws the medial border of the eyebrows downward to produce wrinkles over the bridge of the nose
53
Describe the action of the depressory septi nasi.
Pulls the nose inferiorly, assisting the alar part of the nasalis to open the nares
54
What is the function of the oral group, and what do they include?
They move the lips and cheek * orbicularis oris * buccinator * upper and lower group of muscles
55
What is the function of orbicularis oris?
Narrows mouth, closes and purses lips
56
Which is the deepest muscle of the cheek?
Buccinator
57
What is the function of the buccinator muscle?
Forces air of out cheeks Keeps cheeks toned and aids mastication by preventing food accumulation between teeth and cheeks
58
Name the lower group of muscles (part of the oral group)
* Depressor anguli oris * Depressor labii inferioris * Mentalis
59
Describe the action of depressor anguli oris
Active during frowning Depresses the corner of the mouth
60
Describe the action of depressor labii inferioris.
Depresses the lower lip and moves it laterally
61
Describe the action of the mentalis muscle.
Raises and protrudes the lower lip as it wrinkles the skin
62
Name the muscles within the upper group of muscles (part of the oral group).
* Risorius * Zygomaticus major + minor * Levator labii superioris * Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi * Levator anguli oris
63
Describe the action of the risorius muscle.
Helps produce a grin. Extends laterally from a corner of amouth in an upwards direction - so contraction pulls the corner of mouth laterally and upwards
64
Describe the action of zygomaticus major and minor muscle.
Helps produce a smile, raiseing corner of the mouth and moving laterally.
65
Describe the action of levator labii superioris.
This deepens the furrow between the nose and the corner of the mouth during sadness
66
Describe the action of levator labii superioris alaeque nasi.
This is medial to the levator labii superioris and assits in flaring the nares
67
Describe the action of levator anglui oris.
Deep to other levators and zygomaticus muscles. Elevates corner of mouth and helps deepen nose-mouth furrow when sad.
68
Describe the platysma muscle
Large, thin sheet of muscle in superficial fascia of neck
69
What is the function of the platysma muscle?
Tenses the skin of the neck and can move lower lip and corners of the mouth down
70
Describe the articular muscles
Anterior, superior and posterior auricular muscles
71
What is the function of the auricular muscles?
* Anterior - pulls the ear upwards and forwards * Superior - elevates the ear * Posterior - retracts and elevates the ear
72
Describe the occipitofrontalis muscle
Associated with the scalp Consists of a frontal belly and occipital belly with a connecting aponeurotic tendon
73
What is the function of the occipitofrontalis muscle?
Moves the scalp and wrinkles the forehead
74
What are the muscles of mastication?
* Masseter * Temporalis * Medial pterygoid * Lateral pterygoid
75
What is the main difference between the muscles of facial expression and the muscles of mastication?
Muscles of mastication are supplied by the mandibular branch of the Trigeminal nerve, while the muscles of facial expression are supplied by the Facial nerve.
76
Describe the masseter and its location.
The most powerful muscle of mastication Quadrangular in shape Superficial to pterygoids and temporalis
77
What is the function of the masseter muscle?
Elevates the mandible - closing the mouth
78
Describe the temporalis.
Originates from temporal fossa and inserts on the coronoid process of the mandible
79
What is the function of the temporalis muscle?
* Elevates the mandible - closing the mouth * Retracts the mandible, pulling the jaw posteriorly
80
What is the function of the medial pterygoid muscle?
Elevates the mandible, closing the mouth
81
Describe the medial pterygoid muscle.
* Quadrangular in shape, with two heads * Located inferiorly to the lateral pterygoid
82
Describe the lateral pterygoid muscle
* Triangular in shape with two heads * Horizontally orientates muscle fibre
83
What is the function of the lateral pterygoid muscle?
It's a major protracter of the mandible Produces side to side movement of the jaw
84
Which arteries supply the nose and medial corner of the eye and which artery do they branch of?
Angular artery (paired with angular vein)
85
Which artery and vein are in the zygomatic region of the face and what artery does it branch of?
Transverse facial artery and vein; artery branches of the maxillary artery
86
What does the parotid duct pierce?
Buccinator
87
Through what structure does the facial nerve exits the facial canal?
Via the stylomastoid foramen - posterior to the styloid process of the temporal bone
88
What are the 2 units in Scotland that are aiming to prevent violence?
* The Scottish Violence Reduction Unit * Medics against violence in Scotland
89
Label the fronta normalis
90
Label the muscles of the face
91
Label

P2 Head, Neck and Neuro (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions