Muscles, origins and insertions

Question 1

Name the 5 anterior muscles of the hip

Answer 1

Psoas major
Iliacus
Pectineus
Rectus femoris
Sartorius

Question 2

Name the 2 iliopsoas

Answer 2

Psoas major
Iliacus

Question 3

What is the origin and insertion of the psoas major?

Answer 3

Origin - transverse processes of T12-L5
Insertion - lesser trochanter of femur

Question 4

What are the 4 origins and the insertion of the iliacus?

Answer 4

Origins - iliac fossa, iliac crest, adjacent ligaments and anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion - onto tendon of psoas major to lesser trochanter of femur

Question 5

What is the origin and insertion of the pectineus?

Answer 5

Origin - pectineal line onto superior ramus of pubis
Insertion - lesser trochanter to linea aspera of femur

Question 6

What are the 2 origins and the insertion of the rectus femoris?

Answer 6

Origins - anterior inferior iliac spine, ilium above acetabulum
Insertion - tibial tuberosity via patella tendon

Question 7

What is the origin and insertion of the sartorius?

Answer 7

Origin - anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion - anterior medial surface of tibia just below the condyle via pes anserinus

Question 8

Name the 3 posterior muscle groups of the hip

Answer 8

Gluteus maximus
Hamstrings
6 deep external rotators

Question 9

Name the 3 hamstrings

Answer 9

Biceps femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus

Question 10

Name the 6 deep external rotators

Answer 10

Obturator externus
Obturator internus
Gemellus superior
Gemellus inferior
Quadratus femoris
Piriformis

Question 11

What are the 5 origins and 2 insertions of the gluteus maximus?

Answer 11

Origin - iliac crest, posterior gluteal line, posterior surface of sacrum, posterior coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament
Insertion - gluteal tuberosity of femur, ITB

Question 12

What are the 2 origins and 2 insertions of the biceps femoris?

Answer 12

Origin - ischial tuberosity (long head), linea aspera of femur (short head)
Insertion - lateral head of fibula, lateral condyle of tibia

Question 13

What is the origin and insertion of the semimembranosus?

Answer 13

Origin - ischial tuberosity
Insertion - medial condyle of tibia

Question 14

What is the origin and insertion of the semitendinosus?

Answer 14

Origin - ischial tuberosity
Insertion - medial shaft of tibia via pes anserinus

Question 15

Name the 4 medial muscles of the hip

Answer 15

Adductor magnus
Adductor brevis
Adductor longus
Gracilis

Question 16

What are the 2 origins and 2 insertions of the adductor magnus?

Answer 16

Origin - inferior ramus of pubis, ishcial tuberosity
Insertion - linea aspera, adductor tubercle of the femur

Question 17

What is the origin and insertion of the adductor brevis?

Answer 17

Origin - inferior pubic ramus
Insertion - below lesser trochanter to linea aspera

Question 18

What is the origin and insertion of the adductor longus?

Answer 18

Origin - anterior body of pubis
Insertion - linea aspera of femur

Question 19

What are the 2 origins and the insertion of the gracilis?

Answer 19

Origin - body and inferior ramus of pubis
Insertion - medial surface of shaft of tibia via pes anserinus

Question 21

What is the origin and insertion of the gluteus medius?

Answer 21

Origin - outer surface of ilium, inferior to iliac crest
Insertion - anterior surface of the greater trochanter

Question 22

What is the origin and insertion of the gluteus minimus?

Answer 22

Origin - outer surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
Insertion - anterior surface of the greater trochanter

Question 23

What are the 2 origins and the insertion of the tensor fascia latae?

Answer 23

Origin - iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion - lateral condyle of tibia via ITB

Question 24

Which 3 muscles feed into the pes anserinus?

Answer 24

Sartorius
Gracilis
Semitendinosus

Question 25

What are the 5 ligaments involved in stabilising the hip joint?

Answer 25

Transverse acetabular ligament Ligamentum teres/teres femoris Iliofemoral ligament Pubofemoral ligament Ischiofemoral ligament

Question 26

What are the 4 ligaments involved in stabilising the knee joint?

Answer 26

Anterior cruciate ligament Posterior cruciate ligament Lateral collateral ligament Medial collateral ligament

Question 27

What is the iliotibial band (ITB)?

Answer 27

A strong band of connective tissue connecting the tensor fascia latae to the lateral condyle of the femur and the lateral tuberosity of the tibia.

Question 28

What are the 4 anterior muscles of the knee?

Answer 28

Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus medialis Vastus intermedius

Question 29

What are the 3 origins and 2 insertions of the vastus lateralis?

Answer 29

Origin - intertrochanteric line, inferior border of greater trochanter, lateral lip of linea aspera Insertion - lateral border of patella, patellar tendon to tibial tuberosity

Question 29

What are the 2 origins and 2 insertions of the vastus medialis?

Answer 29

Origin - intertrochanteric line, medial lip of linea aspera Insertion - medial border of patella, patellar tendon to tibial tuberosity

Question 30

What are the 2 origins and 2 insertions of the vastus intermedius?

Answer 30

Origin - upper 2/3 of anterior surface of femur, linea aspera Insertion - upper border of patella, patellar tendon to tibial tuberosity

Question 31

Name the 6 posterior muscles of the knee

Answer 31

Biceps femoris Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Popliteus Gastrocnemius Plantaris

Question 32

What is the origin and insertion of the popliteus?

Answer 32

Origin - posterior surface of lateral condyle of femur Insertion - upper posterior medial surface of tibia

Question 33

What are the 2 origins of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius?

Answer 33

Lateral condyle and posterior surface of femur

Question 34

What is the origin of the medial head of the gastrocnemius?

Answer 34

Popliteal surface of femur, above medial condyle

Question 35

What is the insertion of the gastrocnemius?

Answer 35

Posterior surface of calcaneus

Question 36

What are the 2 origins and the insertion of the plantaris?

Answer 36

Origin - lateral supracondylar ridge of femur, oblique popliteal ligament Insertion - posterior surface of calcaneus

Question 37

Name the 3 plantar arches

Answer 37

Medial longitudinal arch Lateral longitudinal arch Transverse arch

Question 38

Name the 3 anterior muscles of of the foot and ankle

Answer 38

Tibialis anterior Extensor digitorum longus Extensor hallucis longus

Question 39

What are the 3 origins and 2 insertions of the tibialis anterior?

Answer 39

Origin - lateral condyle of tibia, upper half of lateral surface of tibia, interosseous membrane Insertion - medial surface of medial cuneiform and base of metatarsal 1

Question 40

What are the 3 origins and the insertion of the extensor digitorum longus?

Answer 40

Origin - upper 2/3 of anterior surface of fibula, interosseous membrane, lateral condyle of tibia Insertion - dorsal aspect of middle and distal phalanges of four lesser toes

Question 41

What is the origin and insertion of the extensor hallucis longus?

Answer 41

Origin - middle half of anterior surface of fibula Insertion - base of distal phalanx

Question 42

Name the 5 posterior muscles of the foot and ankle

Answer 42

Gastrocnemius Soleus Tibia posterior Flexor digitorum longus Flexor hallucis longus

Question 43

What are the 2 muscles of triceps surae complex?

Answer 43

Gastrocnemius Soleus