Muscles: test 4 (FINAL EXAM) Flashcards
(183 cards)
0
Q
gluteus maximus insertion
A
most fibers end in iliotibial tract–> inserts into lateral condyle of tibia
some fibers insert on gluteal tuberosity of femur
1
Q
Gluteus Maximus origin
A
ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line
dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx
sacrotuberous ligament
2
Q
gluteus maximus innervation
A
inferior gluteal nerve (L5,S1,S2)
3
Q
gluteus maximus actions
A
extends hip joint between flexed and standing positions
assists in lateral rotation
steadies thigh and assists in rising from sitting position
4
Q
gluteus medius origin
A
external surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
5
Q
gluteus medius insertion
A
lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur
6
Q
gluteus medius innervation
A
superior gluteal nerve (L4,L5,S1)
7
Q
gluteus medius action
A
abduct
anterior portions–> medially rotate hip joint
keep pelvis level when opposite limb is elevated
8
Q
gluteus minimus origin
A
external surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
9
Q
gluteus minimus insertion
A
anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur
10
Q
gluteus minimus innervation
A
superior gluteal nerve (L4,L5,S1)
11
Q
gluteus minimus action
A
abduct
anterior portions–> medially rotate hip joint
keep pelvis level when opposite limb is elevated
12
Q
tensor fasciae latae origin
A
anterior superior iliac spine
anterior part of iliac crest
13
Q
tensor fasciae latae insertion
A
iliotibial tract– attaches to lateral condyle of tibia
14
Q
tensor fasciae latae innervation
A
superior gluteal nerve (L4,L5,S1)
15
Q
tensor fasciae latae action
A
flexes hip joint
acts with gluteus max. to stabilize the extended knee joint
16
Q
Piriformis Origin
A
anterior surface of 2-4th sacral segments
superior margin of greater sciatic notch and sacrotuberous ligament
17
Q
piriformis insertion
A
superior border of greater trochanter of femur
18
Q
piriformis innervation
A
branches of anterior rami of S1,S2
19
Q
piriformis action
A
laterally rotate extended hip joint
abduct flexed hip joint
steady femoral head in acetabulum
20
Q
obturator internus origin
A
pelvic surface of ilium and ischium
obturator membrane
21
Q
obturator internus insertion
A
medial surface of greater trochanter of femur
22
Q
obturator internus innervation
A
nerve to obturator internus (L5,S1)
23
Q
obturator internus action
A
laterally rotate extended hip joint
abduct flexed hip joint
steady femoral head in acetabulum
24
Gemellae (superior and inferior) origin
superior: ischial spine
inferior: ischial tuberosity
25
Gemellae (superior and inferior) insertion
medial surface of greater trochanter of femur
26
Gemellae (superior and inferior) innervation
superior: nerve to obturator internus (L5,S1)
inferior: nerve to quadratus femoris (L5,S1)
27
Gemellae (superior and inferior) action
laterally rotate extended hip joint
abduct flexed hip joint
steady femoral head in acetabulum
** same as piriformis and obturator internus
28
quadratus femoris origin
lateral border of ischial tuberosity
29
quadratus femoris insertion
quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur and area inferior to it
30
quadratus femoris innervation
nerve to quadratus femoris (L5,S1)
31
quadratus femoris action
laterally rotates hip joint
| pulls femoral head into acetabulum to stabilize hip joint/pelvis
32
pectineus origin
superior ramus of pubis
33
pectineus insertion
pectineal line of femur (inferior to lesser trochanter)
34
pectineus innervation
femoral nerve (L2,L3)
35
pectineus action
adducts and flexes hip joint
| assists with medial rotation of hip joint
36
sartorius origin
anterior superior iliac spine
| superior part of notch inferior to it
37
sartorius insertion
superior part of medial surface of tibia
38
sartorius innervation
femoral nerve (L2,L3)
39
sartorius action
flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates hip joint
| flexes knee joint
40
psoas major origin
sides of T12-L5 vertebrae & discs between them
| transverse process of all lumbar vertebrae
41
psoas major insertion
lesser trochanter of femur
42
psoas major innervation
anterior rami of lumbar nerves (L1,L2,L3)
43
psoas major action
flexes hip joint
stabilizes hip joint
controls deviation of the trunk
active during standing
44
iliacus origin
iliac crest
iliac fossa
ala of sacrum
anterior sacro-iliac ligaments
45
iliacus insertion
tendon of psoas major
| lesser trochanter and femur distal to it
46
iliacus innervation
femoral nerve (L2,L3)
47
iliacus action
flexes and stabilizes hip joint (with psoas major)
48
rectus femoris origin
anterior inferior iliac spine
| ilium superior to acetabulum
49
rectus femoris insertion
via common tendinous and independent attachments to base of patella
indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tiberosity
50
rectus femoris innervation
femoral nerve (L2-L4)
51
rectus femoris action
extends knee joint
stablizes hip joint
helps iliopsoas flex hip joint
52
vastus lateralis origin
greater trochanter and lateral lip of linea aspera
53
vastus lateralis insertion
via common tendinous and independent attachments to base of patella
indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tiberosity
tibia and patella via aponeurosis
54
vastus lateralis innervation
femoral nerve (L2-L4)
55
vastus lateralis action
extends knee joint
56
vastus medialis origin
intertrochanteric line
| medial lip of linea aspera
57
vastus medialis insertion
via common tendinous and independent attachments to base of patella
indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tiberosity
tibia and patella via aponeuroses
58
vastus medialis innervation
femoral nerve (L2-L5)
59
vastus medialis action
extends knee joint
60
vastus intermedius origin
anterior and lateral surfaces of shaft of femur
61
vastus intermedius insertion
via common tendinous and independent attachments to base of patella
indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tiberosity
62
vastus intermedius innervation
femoral nerve (L2-L4)
63
vastus intermedius action
extends knee joint
64
adductor longus origin
body of pubis inferior to pubic crest
65
adductor longus insertion
middle third of linea aspera of femur
66
adductor longus innervation
obturator nerve (L2-L4)
67
adductor longus action
adducts hip joint
68
adductor brevis origin
body and inferior ramus of pubis
69
adductor brevis insertion
pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera of femur
70
adductor brevis innervation
obturator nerve (L2-L4)
71
adductor brevis action
adducts hip joint
| flexes hip joint (to some extent)
72
adductor magnus origin
adductor part: inferior ramus of pubis & ramus of ischium
| hamstring part: ischial tuberosity
73
adductor magnus insertion
adductor part: gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line
hamstring part: adductor tubercle of femus
74
adductor magnus innervation
adductor part: obturator nerve (L2-L4)
| hamstring part: part of sciatic nerve (L4)
75
adductor magnus action
adducts hip joint
adductor part: flexes hip joint
hamstring part: extends hip joint
76
gracilis origin
body and inferior ramus of pubis
77
gracilis insertion
superior part of medial surface of tibia
78
gracilis innervation
obturator nerve (L2, L3)
79
gracilis action
adducts hip joint
| flexes knee joint & helps rotate it medially
80
obturator externus origin
margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane
81
obturator externus insertion
trochanteric fossa of femur
82
obturator externus innervation
obturator nerve (L3,L4)
83
obturator externus action
laterally rotates hip joint
| pulls head of femur into acetabulum holding pelvis steady
84
biceps femoris (long and short head) origin
long head: ischial tuberosity
| short head: linea aspera & lateral supracondylar line of femur
85
biceps femoris (long and short head) insertion
lateral side of head of fibula
| tendon split @ this point by fibular collateral ligament of knee
86
biceps femoris (long and short head) innervation
long head: tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5,S1,S2)
| short head: common fibular division of sciatic nerve (L5,S1,S2)
87
biceps femoris (long and short head) action
flexes knee
rotates knee when flexed
extends hip joint
88
semitendinosus origin
ischial tuberosity
89
semitendinosus insertion
medial surface of superior part of tibia
90
semitendinosus innervation
tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5,S1,S2)
91
semitendinosus action
extends hip joint
flex knee joint & rotate leg medially when flexed
when hip and knee are flexed--> extend trunk
92
semimembranosus origin
ischial tuberosity
93
semimembranosus insertion
posterior part of medial condyle of tibia
94
semimembranosus innervation
tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5,S1,S2)
95
semimembranosus action
extend hip joint
flex knee joint & rotate leg medially when knee is flexed
when knee and hip are flexed--> extend trunk
96
gastrocnemius (lateral & medial head) origin
lateral: lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur
medial: popiteal surface of femur, superior to medial condyle
97
gastrocnemius (lateral & medial head) insertion
posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
98
gastrocnemius (lateral & medial head) innervation
tibial nerve (S1,S2)
99
gastrocnemius (lateral & medial head) action
plantarflexes ankle when knee is extended
raises heel during walking
flexes knee joint
100
popliteus origin
lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur
| lateral meniscus
101
popliteus insertion
posterior surface of tibia, superior to soleal line
102
popliteus innervation
tibial nerve (L4,L5,S1)
103
popliteus action
weakly flexes knee and unlocks it by laterally rotating femur on fixed tibia
medially rotate tibia of unplanted limb
104
plantaris origin
inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur
| oblique popliteal ligament
105
plantaris insertion
posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
106
plantaris innervation
tibial nerve (S1,S2)
107
plantaris action
```
weakly assists gastrocnemius in plantarflexing ankle
function is mainly proprioceptive
```
108
tibialis anterior origin
lateral condyle
| superior 2/3 of lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane
109
tibialis anterior insertion
medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal
110
tibialis anterior innervation
deep fibular nerve (L4,L5)
111
tibialis anterior action
dorsiflexes ankle
inverts foot
supports medial longitudinal arch of foot
112
extensor hallucis longus origin
middle part of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
113
extensor hallucis longus insertion
dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of great toe
114
extensor hallucis longus innervation
deep fibular nerve (L5,S1)
115
extensor hallucis longus action
extends great toe
| dorsiflexes ankle
116
extensor digitorum longus origin
lateral condyle of tibia
| superior 2/3 of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
117
extensor digitorum longus innervation
deep fibular nerve (L5,S1)
118
extensor digitorum longus action
extends lateral 4 digits
| dorsiflexes ankle
119
fibularis longus origin
head and superior 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula
120
fibularis longus insertion
base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
121
fibularis longus innervation
superficial fibular nerve (L5,S1,S2)
122
fibularis longus action
evert foot
weakly plantarflex ankle
supports transverse arch of foot
123
fibularis brevis origin
middle part of lateral surface of fibula
124
fibularis brevis insertion
dorsal surface of tuberosity of base of 5th metatarsal
125
fibularis brevis innervation
superficial fibular nerve (L5,S1,S2)
126
fibularis brevis action
evert foot
| weakly plantarflex ankle
127
soleus origin
posterior aspect of head of fibula
superior quarter of posterior surface of fibula
soleal line
medial border of tibia
128
soleus insertion
posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
129
soleus innervation
tibial nerve (S1,S2)
130
soleus action
plantarflexes ankle
| steadies leg on foot
131
flexor digitorum longus origin
medial part of posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line
by a broad tendon to fibula
132
flexor digitorum longus insertion
bases of distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits
133
flexor digitorum longus innervation
tibial nerve (S2,S3)
134
flexor digitorum longus action
flexes lateral 4 digits
plantarflexes ankle
supports longitudinal arches of foot
135
flexor hallucis longus origin
inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula
| inferior part of interosseous membrane
136
flexor hallucis longus insertion
base of distal phalanx of great toe
137
flexor hallucis longus innervation
tibial nerve (S2,S3)
138
flexor hallucis longus action
flexes great toe at all joints
weakly plantarflexes ankle
supports medial longitudinal arch of foot
139
tibialis posterior origin
interosseous membrane
posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line
posterior surface of fibula
140
tibialis posterior insertion
primarily to tuberosity of navicular
| also to cuneiforms, cuboid, and bases of 2nd-4th metatarsals
141
tibialis posterior innervation
tibial nerve (L4,L5)
142
tibialis posterior action
plantarflexes ankle
inverts foot
supports medial longitudinal arch of foot
143
extensor digitorum brevis & extensor hallucis brevis
- form fleshy mass on lateral part of dorsum of foot
- anterior to lateral malleolus
- aid in extending digits 1-4
144
abductor hallucis origin
medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus
flexor retinaculum
plantar aponeurosis
145
abductor hallucis insertion
base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
146
abductor hallucis innervation
medial plantar nerve (S2,S3)
147
abductor hallucis action
abducts and flexes 1st digit
148
flexor digitorum brevis origin
medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus
plantar aponeurosis
intermuscular septa
149
flexor digitorum brevis insertion
middle phalanx of lateral 4 digits
150
flexor digitorum brevis innervation
medial plantar nerve (S2,S3)
151
flexor digitorum brevis action
flexes lateral 4 digits
152
abductor digit minimi origin
medial and lateral tubercles of tuberosity of calcaneus
plantar aponeurosis
intermuscular septa
153
abductor digiti minimi insertion
base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
154
abductor digit minimi innervation
lateral plantar nerve (S2,S3)
155
abductor digiti minimi action
abducts and flexes 5th digit
156
quadratus plantae origin
medial surface of lateral margin of plantar surface of calcaneus
157
quadratus plantae insertion
posterolateral margin of tendon of flexor digitorum longus
158
quadratus plantae innervation
lateral plantar nerve (S2,S3)
159
quadratus plantae action
assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing lateral 4 digits
160
lumbricals origin
tendons of flexor digitorum longus
161
lumbricals insertion
medial aspect of expansion over lateral 4 digits
162
lumbricals innervation
medial one: medial plantar nerve (S2,S3)
| lateral 3: lateral plantar nerve (S2,S3)
163
lumbricals action
flex proximal phalanges
| extend middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits
164
flexor hallucis brevis origin
plantar surfaces of cuboid and lateral cuneiform
165
flexor hallucis brevis insertion
base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
166
flexor hallucis brevis innervation
medial plantar nerve (S2,S3)
167
flexor hallucis brevis action
flexes proximal phalanx of 1st digit
168
flexor digiti minimi origin
base of 5th metatarsal
169
flexor digiti minimi insertion
base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
170
flexor digiti minimi innervation
superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2,S3)
171
flexor digiti minimi action
flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit
172
adductor hallucis origin
oblique head: bases of metatarsals 2-4
| transverse head: plantar ligaments of 3rd-5th metatarsalphalangeal joints
173
adductor hallucis insertion
base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
174
adductor hallucis innervation
deep branch of lateral plantar nerve
175
adductor hallucis action
adducts 1st digit
| assists in maintaining transverse arch of foot
176
dorsal interossei origin
adjacent sides of metatarsals 1-5
177
dorsal interossei insertion
first: proximal phalanx of 2nd digit
| 3-5: lateral sides of 2-4 digits
178
dorsal interossei action
abduct digits (2-4) and flex metatarophalangeal joints
179
plantar interossei origin
bases of medial sides of metatarsals 3-5
180
plantar interossei insertion
bases of proximal phalanges of 3-5th digits
181
plantar interossei innervation
lateral plantar nerve
182
plantar interossei action
adduct digits 3-5
| flex metatarsophalangeal joints
