Gluteus maximus
Origin: dorsal ilium, sacrum, and coccyx
Insertion: gluteal tuberosity of femur, iliotibial tract
Major extensor of thigh; used when climbing stairs or running, generally inactive during standing and walking
Gluteus medius
Origin: between anterior and posterior gluteal lines on lateral surface of ilium
Insertion: by short tendon into lateral aspect of greater trochanter of femut
Abducts and medially rotates thigh; extremely important in walking
Gluteus minimus
Origin: between anterior and inferor gluteal lines on external surface of ilium
Insertion: anterior border of greater trochanter of femur
Same as gluteus maximus: major extensor of thigh; used in running and climbing but not walking
Piriformis
Origin: anterolateral surface of sacrum (opposite greater sciatic notch)
Insertion: superior border of greater trochanter of femur
Rotates extended thigh laterally
Quadratus femoris
Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: intertrochanteric crest of femur
Rotates thigh laterally and stabilized hip joint
Two Iliopsoas
1. Iliacus
2. Psoas major
Iliacus
Origin: iliac fossa, ala of sacrum
Insertion: lesser trochanter of femur via iliopsoas tendon
Prime mover in thigh flexion and in flexing truck (as when bowing)
Psoas major
Origin: by fleshy slips from transverse processes, bodies, and discs of lumbar vertebrae and T12
Insertion: lesser trochanter of femur via iliopsoas tendon
Same as iliacus: primve mover in thigh flexion and flexing trunk (as in bowing); also causes lateral flexion of vertebral column
Pectineus
Origin: Pectineal line of pubis (and superior ramus)
Insertion: a line from lesser trochanter to the linea aspera on posterior aspect of femur
Adducts, flexes and medially rotates thigh
Adductor brevis
Origin: body and inferior ramus of pubis
Insertion: linea aspera above adductor longus
Adducts and medially rotates thigh
Adductor longus
Origin: pubis near pubic symphysis
Insertion: linea aspera
Adducts, flexes, and medially rotates thigh
Adductor magnus
Origin: ischia and pubic rami and ischial tuberosity
Insertion: linea aspera, media supracondylar line, and adductor tubercle of femur
Anterior part adducts and medially rotates and flexes thigh; posertior part is a synergist of hamstrings in thigh extension
Sartorius
Origin: anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion: winds around medial aspect of knee and inserts into medial aspect of proximal tibia
Flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh; flexes knee (weak) as in soccer kick, helps you sit cross-legged
Rectus femoris
Origin: anterior inferior iliac spine and superior margin of acetabulum
Insertion: patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Extends knee and flexes thigh at hip
Semimembranosus
Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: medial condyle of tibia; through oblique ligament to lateral condyle of femur
Extends thigh and flexes knee; medially rotates knee
Semitendinosus
Origin: ischia tuberosity in common with long head of biceps femoris
Insertion: medial aspect of upper tibial shaft
Extends thigh at hip; flexes knee; with semimembranosus, medially rotates leg
Long head of Biceps femoris
Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: common tendon passes downward and laterally to insert into head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia
Extends knee and flexes knee; laterally rotates leg, especially when knee is fixed