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Oral science B > Muscles week 1 > Flashcards

Muscles week 1 Flashcards

(97 cards)

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1
Q

muscles

A

Specialized cells with the property of contractility

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2
Q

name of a muscle cell

A

myoblast

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3
Q

basis of motion

A

change from chemical to mechanical energy by enzymatic cleavage of ATP (adenosine triphosphate - stores energy in muscles)

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4
Q

3 types of muscles

A

Skeletal, Smooth, & Cardiac

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5
Q

skeletal

A

Voluntary…muscles controlled by central & peripheral nervous system (pharynx, esophagus, tongue, facial expression & mastication)

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6
Q

smooth

A

Involuntary…under control of autonomic nervous system (located in organs, glands & lining of blood vessels)

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7
Q

cardiac

A

involuntary (wall & major veins of heart)

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8
Q

cardiac and skeletal are considered

A

striated Muscle cells appear to be “banded”
Muscle cell is like a fiber

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9
Q

perimysium

A

covers each muscle fiber

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10
Q

epimysium

A

covers the entire muscle

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11
Q

myofibril

A

Any of the threadlike fibrils that make up the contractile part of a striated muscle fiber and are made up chiefly of actin and myosin filaments.

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12
Q

each myofibril contains

A

actin & myosin (proteins) which cause the contraction vital to muscle function

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13
Q

each muscle is a

A

bundle of muscle fibers, (myofibrils composed of myofilaments) each of which is
a long multinucleated cell.

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14
Q

myoblast

A

single mononucleated cells

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15
Q

myotube

A

myoblasts fused together to form multinucleated fiber during development

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16
Q

myofibril

A

a muscle fibril, one of the slender threads of a muscle fiber, composed of numerous myofilaments

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17
Q

origin

A

End of the muscle that is attached to the
least movable structure…(Home-Base)

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18
Q

insertion

A

Other end of muscle attached to
more moveable structure

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19
Q

action

A

Movement accomplished when the muscle fibers contract

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20
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Origin: sternum & clavicle
Insertion: Mastoid process of Temporal Bone
Action: Flexes & rotates head
Divides the neck into anterior & posterior cervical triangles
*Innervation: 11th cranial/accessory nerve

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21
Q

Trapezius

A

Origin: occipital bone & midline of cervical/thoracic regions
Insertion: clavicle & scalpula
Action: Raises or lowers clavicle & scalpula
shoulders: “shrug”
*Innervation: 11th cranial/Accessory nerve

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22
Q

muscles of facial expression are

A

paired located superficial fascia of facial tissue

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23
Q

where do all muscles of facial expression originated from

A

Bone & insert into skin tissue

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24
Q

epicranial muscle

A

scalp region for facial expression

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25
2 bellies of the epicranial muscle
frontal and occipital Connected by a scalpal tendon Epicranial Aponeurosis Muscle & tendon are one of the layers that forms the scalp
26
occipital belly of epicranial muscle
Origin: occipital & temporal bone, Insert: epicranial aponeurosis
27
frontal belly of epicranial muscle
Origin: Epicranial aponeurosis, Insert: eyebrow & root of nose action: raise the eyebrows and scalp
28
Orbicularis oculi
encircles eye Origin: orbital rim, nasal process of frontal bone, frontal process of maxilla Insert: lateral skin of eye, some completely encircle eye Action: closes eye, squints eye, “crows feet”
29
Corrugator supercilii
Origin: on frontal bone in the supraorbital region Insert: skin of eyebrow Action: Draws skin tissue medially & inferiorly, causes wrinkles in forehead - Frowns
30
Orbicularis Oris
Origin encircles mouth Inserts in skin at angle of mouth & philtrum of lip Action: Closes lips, tightening: pursing, rolling in:+ grimace, thrusting out: pouting/kissing This one makes it tough to scale lower ant. teeth!
31
Buccinator
Origin : alveolar process & pterygomandibular raphe fibrous structure w/runs from hamulus to posterior portion of mylohyoid line Inserts angle of mouth (both horizontal and vertical fibers) Action: pushes food back forms anterior portion of cheek & suction for suckling
32
Risorius
Origin: fascia of masseter muscle Inserts: angle of mouth Action: Widens mouth when smiling WIDELY, works w/ platysma = Grimace
33
Levator Labii Superioris
Origin: infraorbital rim of maxilla Inserts: upper lip Action? elevates upper lip
34
Levator Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi
Origin: frontal process of maxilla Insert: ala & upper lip Action: elevates both & dilates nostrils = sneer
35
Levator Anguli Oris located deep to the zygomaticus mus.
Origin: canine fossa Inserts: angle of mouth ACTION? elevates angle of mouth
36
zygomaticus major
Origin: zygomatic bone Inserts: in angle of mouth positioned lateral to minor function: elevate upper lip
37
zygomaticus minor
Origin: zygomatic bone Insert: upper lip function: assist with smile
38
Depressor anguli oris
Origin: lower mandible Insert: in angle of mouth Action: depresses the angle of the mouth = frown
39
Depressor Labii Inferioris
Origin: lower border of Mand. Inserts: in lower lip Action: frowns (depresses lower lip, exposing mand. incisors)
40
mentalis
A short, thick muscle Origin: mandible near midline Insert: skin of chin Action: ? Raises chin, protrudes lower lip = displaced denture
41
platysma
Runs from neck all the way to the mouth Origin: skin superficial to clavicle & shoulder Insert: lower border of mandible & muscles around mouth Action: ? Raises skin of neck & pulls corner of mouth down
42
five muscles that help you smile
Levator labii superioris:Raises upper lip Levator anguli oris:Elevates Commisure(s) Zygomaticus major & minor Raises upper lip Risorous (#5)widens mouth when smiling(related more to a grimace)
43
muscle of mastication
Four pairs of muscles attached to the mandible: Masseter Temporalis Medial Pterygoid Lateral Pterygoid
44
muscle of mastication
Responsible for all movements of mandible: LIST: *Depression & elevation (Opening/closing jaws) *Bringing lower jaw forward or backward (Protrusion & retraction) *Shifting lower jaw side to side (Lateral deviation)
45
Which nerve innervates the Muscles of Mastication & TMJ muscles?
5th cranial nerve: Trigeminal (mandibular division)
46
Masseter location
Most superficially located muscles of mastication One of the strongest 2 bellies: Both Superficial & Deep head
47
masseter
Origin: Zygomatic arch Superficial Head Ant. 2/3 of lower border of Zygomatic Arch Deep Head Post. 1/3 & entire medial surface of Zygomatic arch Insertion: Superficial head lateral surface of angle of mandible Deep Head ramus above angle of mandible Action ? Elevation of mandible (closing jaw)
48
pterygoid medial
Origin: Pterygoid fossa of sphenoid Insert: at angle of mandible, medial surface Action: elevation of mandible closing of jaw
49
pterygoid lateral
Origin: greater wing & lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid Insert: in pterygoid fovea of mandible action: shift jaw to opposite side and protrusion of jaw
50
temporalis
Origin: temporal fossa & infratemporal crest Insertion: coronoid process Action? Elevation & retraction of mandible (raises & draws mandible backward)
51
hyoid bone
Horseshoe-shaped Suspended bone Muscular & ligamentary attachments only
52
Hyoid muscles suprahyoid
Digastric Anterior belly (A) Posterior belly (P) Mylohyoid (A) Geniohyoid (A) Stylohyoid (P)
53
hyoid muscles infrahyoid
Sternothyroid Sternohyoid Thyrohyoid Omohyoid
54
Suprahyoid muscles
Superficial position in neck tissue anterior or posterior group All attached in some way to hyoid bone Anterior Suprahyoid muscle group only Action: Depress the mandible & opens jaw during mastication Anterior & Posterior Suprahyoid muscle groups together: Action: Elevation of hyoid bone & larynx-during swallowing
55
Suprahyoid muscle digastric posterior belly
O: Posterior belly: mastoid notch I: Posterior belly: intermediate tendon
56
Suprahyoid muscle digastric anterior belly
O: Anterior belly - intermediate tendon I: Anterior belly - medial surface of mandible Q: What do the 2 bellies join by? A: Intermediate tendon
57
Suprahyoid Muscle: Digastric-Anterior & Posterior Belly
Back to Front with a tendon in the middle!
58
Suprahyoid Muscle: Digastric
Action anterior belly: depress mandible opening jaw (main action) Action anterior & posterior belly: elevate hyoid & larynx during swallowing
59
Suprahyoid Muscle: Mylohyoid
Origin: mylohyoid line of mandible R & L sides unite medially, forming the floor of mouth Inserts: Posterior portion on the body of hyoid Action: Depress mandible & elevates hyoid bone/ larynx Forms floor of mouth & helps elevate tongue
60
Suprahyoid Muscle: Stylohyoid
Origin: styloid process of temporal bone Insertion: body of hyoid bone Action? Elevation of hyoid & larynx during allowing
61
Suprahyoid Muscle: Geniohyoid
Origin: genial tubercles of mandible Insertion: body of hyoid bone Action Elevate the hyoid bone & larynx Contraction of this muscles also causes the mandible to depress
62
Infrahyoid Muscles
Attached in some way to the hyoid bone Located inferior to the hyoid bone Infrahyoid muscles: Actions: 1. Most depress the hyoid bone 2. Other specific actions to be discussed
63
Sternothyroid
Origin: posterior surface of sternum Insertion: inserts on thyroid cartilage Action? depresses the thyroid cartilage & larynx
64
Sternohyoid
Origin: posterior & superior surfaces of sternum Insert: on body of hyoid Action? Depresses hyoid bone
65
Omohyoid inferior belly
origin: scapula insertion: tendon to superior belly Action: depress hyoid
66
Omohyoid superior belly
origin: tendon insertion: body of hyoid Action: depress hyoid
67
Thyrohyoid
Origin: thyroid cartilage Insert: on body & greater cornu of hyoid bone Action: Depresses the hyoid bone & raises the thyroid cartilage & larynx
68
muscles of tongue
intrinsic tongue, extrinsic, innervated
69
Intrinsic tongue muscles
located entirely inside the tongue (Changes shape of tongue~Shape-shifters)
70
Extrinsic tongue muscles
genioglossus, styloglossus & hyoglossus (Moves & anchors tongue to mandible, styloid process & hyoid bone)
71
innervated tongue muscles
Innervated by hypoglossal or 12th cranial nerve
72
tongue dorsal surface
specialized epithelium Filiform, fungiform, foliate & circumvallate papilla
73
tongue ventral surface
lining mucosa nonkeratinized epithelium
74
Genioglossal
Origin: genial tubercle Inserts: on hyoid bone & in the tongue from its base almost to apex Action Protrudes the tongue out of the oral cavity or depress parts of the tongue
75
styloglossal
Origin: styloid process of temporal bone Insert: lateral surface of the tongue, its apex & at border of body & base Action Retracts the tongue superiorily & posteriorly
76
Hyoglossus
Origin: greater cornu & part of body of hyoid Insert: lateral surface of the body of tongue Action: Depresses the tongue
77
Muscles of the Pharynx
Part of both the respiratory & digestive tract 3 portions: Nasopharynx, Oropharynx & Laryngopharynx Muscles involved in speaking, swallowing & middle ear function Stylopharyngeus, pharyngeal constrictors & soft palate muscles
78
Stylopharyngeus Muscle
Origin: styloid process of temporal bone Insert: into the lateral & posterior pharyngeal walls Action? Elevates & widens the pharynx… Upon swallowing food
79
Pharyngeal constrictor muscles 3 pairs
superior, middle, inferior
80
Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor
Origin: hamulus, mandible & pterygomandibular raphe insert: median pharyngeal raphe
81
Middle Pharyngeal Constrictor
Origin: hyoid bone & Stylohyoid ligament insert: median pharyngeal raphe
82
Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor
Origin: thyroid & cricoid cartilage of larynx insert: median pharyngeal raphe
83
Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscles
Action: all raise the pharynx & larynx & help drive food inferiorly into the esophagus during swallowing
84
Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscles: superior origin
Pterygomandibular Raphe, Hamulus & mandible
85
Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscles: middle origin
Hyoid bone & stylohyoid ligament
86
Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscles: Inferior origin
Thyriod & Cricoid cartilage of larynx
87
Muscles of Soft Palate
Soft palate forms the nonbony posterior portion of the roof of the mouth (Oropharynx) Connects laterally with the tongue Muscles involved in speaking & swallowing. 4 paired & 1 singular muscle …? (Uvula)
88
Palatoglossus
Anterior pillar or arch
89
Palatopharyngeus
Posterior pillar or arch
90
Levator Veli Palatine
Raises soft palate to close off nasopharynx during speech & swallowing
91
Tensor Veli Palatini
Stiffens soft palate
92
Uvula
Helps close off nasopharynx
93
Palatoglossus
origin: median palatine raphe (Forms anterior pillar) insert: lateral surface of tongue Action: elevates base of the tongue, depresses soft palate toward tongue
94
Soft Palate Muscle: Palatopharyngeus
Origin: soft palate (Forms posterior pillar) Insert: walls of laryngopharynx & thyroid cartilage Action: moves palate posterio-inferiorly & pharynx antero-superiorly Helps close off the nasopharynx during swallowing
95
Soft palate: Uvula
adapts to posterior pharyngeal wall Origin/Insertion: tissue projection that hangs inferiorly from the posterior soft palate Action: Contraction of this muscle will shorten & broaden it to change the contour of the soft palate. Helps close off the nasopharynx during swallowing.
96
Soft Palate: Levator veli palatini
Origin: temporal bone Insert: median palatine raphe Action: raises soft palate, brings it in contact with posterior pharyngeal wall Helps close off the nasopharynx during swallowing
97
Soft Palate: Tensor veli palatini
Origin: auditory tube & inferior sfc. of sphenoid Insert : median palatine raphe Action? Tenses & slightly lowers the soft palate

Oral science B (4 decks)

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