Muscoskeletal System

Question 0

L_____ attach bones?

Answer 0

Ligaments

Question 1

How many bones are in the body?

Answer 1

206.

Question 2

There are 4 types of bones.

What are they? Explain.

Answer 2

1. Long bones - longer than they are wide (eg femur and humerus)
2. Short bones - Shaped like cubes - found in the wrist
3. Flat bones - Thin, flat & curved (ribs, breast bone, skull)
4. Irregular - Differently shaped (eg hip bones, vertebrae)

Question 3

What is periosteum?

Answer 3

living membrane which covers the bones.

Question 4

What are the functions of the skeleton?

Answer 4

• Provide framework for the body
• Protection for vital organs (eg brain)
• Allow movement
• Store calcium
• Manufacture blood cells

Question 5

What are phalanges?

Answer 5

Fingers and toes.

Question 6

What are Carpals and Tarsals? where are they?

Answer 6

Carpals are wrist bones.

Tarsals are ankles.

Question 7

What is the collarbone technically called in the skeleton?

Answer 7

Clavicle.

Question 8

What is the technical name for thigh bone in the skeleton?

Answer 8

Femur.

Question 9

what is the technical term for shoulder blade?

Answer 9

Scapula.

Question 10

There are 3 types of joints. What are they? Explain.

Answer 10

1. Fibrous or immovable (eg skull)
2. Cartilaginous or slightly movable (eg vertebrae)
3. Synovial or freely movable

Question 11

What are some synovial (freely movable) joints?

Answer 11

• Ball & Socket (eg. hip)
• Hinge (eg. elbow)
• Gliding (eg. carpals at wrist)
• Pivot (eg. ulna & radius)

Question 12

What is cartilage?

Answer 12

tough but flexible tissue that covers the ends of your bones at a joint. It also protects the joints by preventing them from rubbing against one another.

Question 13

What is the technical term for knee cap?

Answer 13

Patella.

Question 14

How do muscles respond to chemicals and the stimulation of motor nerves?

Answer 14

They contract and relaaaaxxx

Question 15

What attaches muscles to bones?

Answer 15

Tendons.

Question 16

What’s the difference between a strain and a sprain?

Answer 16

strain: injury to a muscle or tendon at a joint.
sprain: injury to a joint where the ligaments may be torn.

Question 17

Osteomyelitis sounds naasssty, what is it?

Answer 17

Is an inflammation of the bones and or infection of the bone marrow
- most often caused by the bacteria (staphylococcus)

Question 18

What is osteoarthritis?

Answer 18

• most common cause of arthritis
• a degenerative joint disease where cartilage wears away
• bone thickens on the surfaces and painful overgrowth can develop.

Question 19

Osteoporosis is a loss of?

Answer 19

Bone mass.
It makes the bones porous and cause bones to crumble under ordinary stress of moving about (ouch).

It’s related to the loss of oestrogen in older women or a dietary deficient of calcium and vitamin D

Question 20

What is the differences between gout and goat? Please explain.

Answer 20

• metabolic disorder in which excess uric acid accumulates in the blood.
• As a result, uric acid crystals are deposited in and around the joints causing severe pain and tenderness of the joint.

A goat is much cuter and less annoying than gout.

Question 21

what are bones?

Answer 21

bones are dense, hard and flexible connective tissues which are covered w/a living membrane called PERIOSTEUM

Question 22

What does the centre of the bone contain?

Answer 22

The centre of the bone contains MARROW which is found in blood vessels, fat cells and tissue for manufacturing blood cells.

Question 23

How often does bone grow and develop and what influences it?

Answer 23

bone growth and development is a continual process that is influenced by many factors including:
hormones, diet, genetics and exercise.

Question 24

What do joints do?

Answer 24

Joints allow the flexible and fluid movement of the body.

Question 25

What do ligaments do?

Answer 25

Ligaments join two bones together to prevent them from pulling apart.

Question 26

The body has more than ___ muscles?

Answer 26

600.

Question 27

There are three types of muscle tissues. Name them and explain.

Answer 27

1. *Skeletal muscles* are generally attached to the bone. they produce movement & maintain body posture. VOLUNTARY. 2. *Smooth muscles* control the action of our stomach, bladder & blood vessels. INVOLUNTARY. 3. *Cardiac muscle* is found only in the heart. INVOLUNTARY.

Question 28

The brain is divided into four major areas which are..?

Answer 28

1. Cerebrum 2. Cerebellum 3. Brain Stem 4. Diencephalon

Question 29

The meninges are *three layers* of connective tissue which cover the brain and spinal chord. Name them.

Answer 29

From outer layer to inner layer, they are: 1. Dura mater 2. Arachnoid mater 3. Pia mater

Question 30

Nerves are made up of special cells caled NEURONS. | what are NEURONS compromised of?

Answer 30

dendrite, a cell body and an axon.

Question 31

The *autonomic nervous system* controls the automatic functions of the body: the heart, smooth muscle (organs) and glands. it is divided into the...?

Answer 31

1. *Sympathetic system* which acts when we are excited or find ourselves in a threatening situation. Our body reacts by increasing the heart rate and breathing rapidly. 2. *Parasympathetic system* which is most active when the body is at rest.