Muscoskeletal System Flashcards
L_____ attach bones?
Ligaments
How many bones are in the body?
206.
There are 4 types of bones.
What are they? Explain.
- Long bones - longer than they are wide (eg femur and humerus)
- Short bones - Shaped like cubes - found in the wrist
- Flat bones - Thin, flat & curved (ribs, breast bone, skull)
- Irregular - Differently shaped (eg hip bones, vertebrae)
What is periosteum?
living membrane which covers the bones.
What are the functions of the skeleton?
- Provide framework for the body
- Protection for vital organs (eg brain)
- Allow movement
- Store calcium
- Manufacture blood cells
What are phalanges?
Fingers and toes.
What are Carpals and Tarsals? where are they?
Carpals are wrist bones.
Tarsals are ankles.
What is the collarbone technically called in the skeleton?
Clavicle.
What is the technical name for thigh bone in the skeleton?
Femur.
what is the technical term for shoulder blade?
Scapula.
There are 3 types of joints. What are they? Explain.
- Fibrous or immovable (eg skull)
- Cartilaginous or slightly movable (eg vertebrae)
- Synovial or freely movable
What are some synovial (freely movable) joints?
- Ball & Socket (eg. hip)
- Hinge (eg. elbow)
- Gliding (eg. carpals at wrist)
- Pivot (eg. ulna & radius)
What is cartilage?
tough but flexible tissue that covers the ends of your bones at a joint. It also protects the joints by preventing them from rubbing against one another.
What is the technical term for knee cap?
Patella.
How do muscles respond to chemicals and the stimulation of motor nerves?
They contract and relaaaaxxx
What attaches muscles to bones?
Tendons.
What’s the difference between a strain and a sprain?
strain: injury to a muscle or tendon at a joint.
sprain: injury to a joint where the ligaments may be torn.
Osteomyelitis sounds naasssty, what is it?
Is an inflammation of the bones and or infection of the bone marrow
- most often caused by the bacteria (staphylococcus)
What is osteoarthritis?
- most common cause of arthritis
- a degenerative joint disease where cartilage wears away
- bone thickens on the surfaces and painful overgrowth can develop.
Osteoporosis is a loss of?
Bone mass.
It makes the bones porous and cause bones to crumble under ordinary stress of moving about (ouch).
It’s related to the loss of oestrogen in older women or a dietary deficient of calcium and vitamin D
What is the differences between gout and goat? Please explain.
- metabolic disorder in which excess uric acid accumulates in the blood.
- As a result, uric acid crystals are deposited in and around the joints causing severe pain and tenderness of the joint.
A goat is much cuter and less annoying than gout.
what are bones?
bones are dense, hard and flexible connective tissues which are covered w/a living membrane called PERIOSTEUM
What does the centre of the bone contain?
The centre of the bone contains MARROW which is found in blood vessels, fat cells and tissue for manufacturing blood cells.
How often does bone grow and develop and what influences it?
bone growth and development is a continual process that is influenced by many factors including:
hormones, diet, genetics and exercise.
What do joints do?
Joints allow the flexible and fluid movement of the body.
What do ligaments do?
Ligaments join two bones together to prevent them from pulling apart.
The body has more than ___ muscles?
600.
There are three types of muscle tissues. Name them and explain.
-
Skeletal muscles are generally attached to the bone.
they produce movement & maintain body posture. VOLUNTARY. - Smooth muscles control the action of our stomach, bladder & blood vessels. INVOLUNTARY.
- Cardiac muscle is found only in the heart. INVOLUNTARY.
The brain is divided into four major areas which are..?
- Cerebrum
- Cerebellum
- Brain Stem
- Diencephalon
The meninges are three layers of connective tissue which cover the brain and spinal chord. Name them.
From outer layer to inner layer, they are:
- Dura mater
- Arachnoid mater
- Pia mater
Nerves are made up of special cells caled NEURONS.
what are NEURONS compromised of?
dendrite, a cell body and an axon.
The autonomic nervous system controls the automatic functions of the body: the heart, smooth muscle (organs) and glands.
it is divided into the…?
-
Sympathetic system which acts when we are excited or find ourselves in a threatening situation.
Our body reacts by increasing the heart rate and breathing rapidly. - Parasympathetic system which is most active when the body is at rest.
