Muscular System Flashcards

(44 cards)

1
Q

skeletal

A

The skeletal system works as a support structure for your body. It gives the body its shape, allows movement, makes blood cells, provides protection for organs and stores minerals.

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2
Q

smooth

A

Smooth muscle, found in the walls of the hollow internal organs such as blood vessels, the gastrointestinal tract, bladder, and uterus, is under control of the autonomic nervous system. Smooth muscle cannot be controlled consciously and thus acts involuntarily.

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3
Q

cardiac

A

. Cardiac muscle tissue is only found in your heart, where it performs coordinated contractions that allow your heart to pump blood through your circulatory system.

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4
Q

excitability

A

Excitability is a property of a cell, allowing it to respond to stimulation by rapid changes in membrane potential produced by ion fluxes across the plasma membrane.

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5
Q

contractility

A

Contractility describes the relative ability of the heart to eject a stroke volume (SV) at a given prevailing afterload (arterial pressure) and preload (end-diastolic volume; EDV)

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6
Q

extensibility

A

Extensibility is a measure of the ability to extend a system and the level of effort required to implement the extension. Extensions can be through the addition of new functionality or through modification of existing functionality. The principle provides for enhancements without impairing existing system functions.

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7
Q

elasticity

A

Elasticity is the ability to recoil or bounce back to the muscle’s original length after being stretched.

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8
Q

fascicle

A

When a group of muscle fibers is “bundled” as a unit within the whole muscle it is called a fascicle. Fascicles are covered by a layer of connective tissue called perimysium (see Figure 10.3). Fascicle arrangement is correlated to the force generated by a muscle and affects the muscle’s range of motion.

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9
Q

epimysium

A

a sheath of fibrous elastic tissue surrounding a muscle.

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10
Q

perimysium

A

the sheath of connective tissue surrounding a bundle of muscle fibers.

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11
Q

endomysium

A

The endomysium is the thinner portion of the intramuscular connective tissue and is directly in contact with and surrounds every single muscle fibre, forming its immediate external environment. … The endomysium is the key element that separates single muscle fibres from one another.

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12
Q

sarcolemma

A

the fine transparent tubular sheath which envelops the fibers of skeletal muscles.

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13
Q

myofibril

A

A myofibril is a long cylindrical organelle found in muscle cells formed by two transverse filament systems: the thick and thin filaments. The thin filament is composed primarily of actin; it is tethered at one end to the Z-disk, and it interdigitates with the thick filaments.

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14
Q

sarcoplasm

A

the cytoplasm of striated muscle cells.

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15
Q

actin

A

a protein that forms (together with myosin) the contractile filaments of muscle cells, and is also involved in motion in other types of cell.

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16
Q

myosin

A

Myosins are a large family of cytoskeletal motor proteins that bind actin and use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to perform diverse functions such as cell motility and contractility, cytokinesis, intracellular trafficking and muscle contraction.

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17
Q

subclavius prime mover

A

depression, stabilizes clavicle during movement

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18
Q

serratus anterior

A

scapula, protracts, ribs, elevates moves arm from the side of the body to front of the body

19
Q

trapezius

A

scapula, rotates inferiorly, retracts and elevates elevates shoulders

20
Q

rhomboid major

A

retracts, rotates inferiorly stabilizes scapula during pectoral

21
Q

pectoralis major

A

flexion adduction brings elbows together

22
Q

latissimus dorsi

A

humerus extension adduction moves elbow back

23
Q

deltoid

A

abduction flexion lifts arms at the shoulder

24
Q

supraspinatus

A

abduction rotates the elbows outwards

25
teres major
extension adduction rotating the elbow outwards
26
biceps brachii
flexion supination perfors a bicep curl
27
triceps brachii
extension extends forearm
28
pronator teres
turns hand palm down pronation
29
supinator
supination turns hand palm up
30
iliacus
thigh flexion raises the knee at the hip
31
gluteous maximus
extension lowers the knee and moves the thigh back
32
gluteus medius
extension opens the thigh
33
gluteus minimus
abduction brings the thigh back together
34
adductor longus
adduction flexion brings the thighs back together
35
rectus femoris
tibia, fibula, extension
36
biceps femoris
extension lateral rotation moves the back of the lower leg up
37
tibialis anterior
dorsiflexion raises the sole foot off the ground
38
extensor hallucis longus
dorsiflexion extension raises the sole foot off the ground
39
extensor digitorum longus
dorsiflexion extension raises the sole foot off the ground
40
gastrocnemius
plantar flexion lowers the sole of the foot to the ground
41
soleus
plantar flexion lowers the sole for the foot to the ground
42
tibialis posterior
plantar flexion lowers the sole of the foot to the ground
43
flexor digitorum longus
foot toes 2-5 lowers the sole of the foot to the ground
44
flexor hallucis longus
flexion flexes the big toe