Nervous System Flashcards
(32 cards)
what is the function of the nervous system?
The nervous system helps all the parts of the body to communicate with each other. It also reacts to changes both outside and inside the body. The nervous system uses both electrical and chemical means to send and receive messages.
what are the major organs of the nervous system?
The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord.
The peripheral nervous system is made up of nerves that branch off from the spinal cord and extend to all parts of the body.
what are the differences between neurons and neuroglia?
Nervous tissue contains two categories of cells — neurons and neuroglia. Neurons are highly specialized nerve cells that generate and conduct nerve impulses. Neuroglia are supporting cells that provide physical sport, remove debris, and provide electrical insulation.
what is dendrite?
a short branched extension of a nerve cell, along which impulses received from other cells at synapses are transmitted to the cell body.
what is soma?
It can treat pain and stiffness from muscle spasms.
What are schwann cells?
Schwann cells serve as the myelinating cell of the PNS and support cells of peripheral neurons. A Schwann cell forms a myelin sheath by wrapping its plasma membrane concentrically around the inner axon.
what is the node of ranvier?
The node of Ranvier
The nodes of Ranvier are short, periodical interruptions in the myelin sheath, which are spaced at intervals that are about 100 times the axonal diameter.
what is myelin?
Myelin is an insulating layer, or sheath that forms around nerves, including those in the brain and spinal cord. It is made up of protein and fatty substances. This myelin sheath allows electrical impulses to transmit quickly and efficiently along the nerve cells.
what is axon?
Axons are the elongated portion of the neurone located in the centre of the cell between the soma and axon terminals. Each neuron in your brain has an axon that snakes away from the main part of the cell.
what is axon terminal?
aka synaptic boutons, axon terminals are small swellings that are found at the terminal ends of axons. They are typically the sites where synapses with other neurons are found, and neurotransmitters are stored there to communicate with other neurons via these synapses.
what is CSF?
Cerebrospinal fluid is a clear, colorless body fluid found within the tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord of all vertebrates.
What is a cerebrum?
the principal and most anterior part of the brain in vertebrates, located in the front area of the skull and consisting of two hemispheres, left and right, separated by a fissure. It is responsible for the integration of complex sensory and neural functions and the initiation and coordination of voluntary activity in the body.
what are the 4 lobes of cerebrum?
The cerebrum consists of two cerebral hemispheres the outer layer called the cortex (gray matter) and the inner layer (white matter). There are four lobes in the cortex, the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe. This review article will focus on the functions of the cerebral cortex.
what is the thalamus?
The thalamus is a mostly gray matter structure of the diencephalon that has many essential roles in human physiology. The thalamus is composed of different nuclei that each serve a unique role, ranging from relaying sensory and motor signals, as well as regulation of consciousness and alertness.
What is the brainstem?
The brainstem is the structure that connects the cerebrum of the brain to the spinal cord and cerebellum. It is composed of four sections in descending order: the diencephalon, midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
what are the 3 regions of the brainstem?
The brainstem is divided into three sections in humans: the midbrain (mesencephalon), the pons (metencephalon), and the medulla oblongata (myelencephalon).
what is the cerebellum?
The cerebellum (which is Latin for “little brain”) is a major structure of the hindbrain that is located near the brainstem. This part of the brain is responsible for coordinating voluntary movements. It is also responsible for a number of functions including motor skills such as balance, coordination, and posture.
what is the spinal cord?
A column of nerve tissue that runs from the base of the skull down the center of the back. It is covered by three thin layers of protective tissue called membranes. The spinal cord and membranes are surrounded by the vertebrae (back bones).
what is the merkels disk?
The Merkel disc is a main type of tactile end organ for sensing gentle touch and is essential for sophisticated sensory tasks, including social interaction, environmental exploration, and tactile discrimination.
what is the pacinian corpuscle?
The Pacinian corpuscles, elaborate structures found in the skin of the fingers and in other organs, are layers of fluid-filled membranes forming structures just visible to the naked eye at the terminals of axons. Local pressure exerted at the surface or within the body causes deformation…
what is the ruffinis corpuscle?
Ruffini Endings (or Corpuscles) are found in the superficial dermis of both hairy and glaborous skin where they record low-frequency vibration or pressure. These receptors adapt slowly to pressure that results in stretching of the skin. They record the sustained presence of pressure on the skin. Advanced.
what is the hair follicle receptor?
Each hair plexus forms a network around a hair follicle and is a receptor, which means it sends and receives nerve impulses to and from the brain when the hair moves. Endings of sensory nerve fibers which form a plexus around a hair follicle in hairy skin. They are mechanoreceptors conveying touch sensation.
what is the free nerve ending?
Free nerve endings are the most abundant type of nerve endings. They lie near blood vessels between epithelial layers of the skin, the cornea, the alimentary tract, and in connective tissues. … Most nociceptors respond to heat and cold, mechanical stimuli, and chemicals associated with tissue damage or disease.
what is the papillae?
Tiny bumps called papillae give the tongue its rough texture. Thousands of taste buds cover the surfaces of the papillae. Taste buds are collections of nerve-like cells that connect to nerves running into the brain. The tongue is anchored to the mouth by webs of tough tissue and mucosa.
