Muscular System Flashcards by Emma May

What are the three types of muscle we have?

Cardiac
Smooth
Skeletal

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What is the cardiac muscle?

Also known as myocardium it is the muscle tissue within the heart itself

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What is smooth muscle?

Generally reserved for the walls of the arteries, the digestive system reproductive system and urinary tract. It is the most diverse muscular tissue in the body movement and contraction in wave like fashions.

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What is skeletal muscle?

Primarily responsible for locomotion/movement majority of the muscles in the bottle are skeletal muscles, helps to transport blood and substrate within, and throughout the body and generates heat through movement

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What are muscle properties?

Elasticity
Contractility
electric excitability
Extensibility
Adaptable

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Why is it important for my supposed to be elastic?

To extend and recoil to its original length

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Why must muscles be adaptable?

Respond, overtime to stimulus such as atrophy or hypertrophy

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What muscles are on the anterior of the body?

Deltoid
Pectorals
Bicep
Obliques
Recuts Abdominis
Abductor
Transversus abdominis
Adductor
Hip Flexor
Quadriceps
Tibial is anterior

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What muscles are in your posterior

Trapezius
Rhomboidal
Tricep
Erector Spinae
Latissimus Dorsi
Glutes
Hamstring
Gastrocnemius
Soleus

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What are the three types of muscle tissue?

Type one slow twitch
Type 2a fast twitch intermediate
Type 2b fast twitch

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What are the characteristics of slow twitch muscle fibres?

The predominant fibre type needed for long distance, events, like endurance they are slow to contract and slow to fatigue

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What are the characteristics of a fast which intermediate muscle fibre

Type 2a muscle fiber support, both type one and type b fast twitch and slow twitch beyond their capacity

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What are the characteristics of fast twitch muscle fibres?

Recruited for all out maximum efforts, such as hundred meter sprint or 1 to 5 rep range

High intensity and quickly fatigue due to the low numbers of mitochondria and capillaries

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What does eccentric mean?

Muscle lengthening under tension

Example the lowering phase of a squat

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What is isometric?

The muscle create force, but no change in length

Such as a plank

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What does concentric mean?

Muscle shortening under tension

Such as the upward phase of a bicep curl

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What is the agonist

The target muscle/prime mover

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What is the antagonist

Opposing muscle must lengthen for the agonist to shorten

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What is a fixator

Muscle that stabilises the movement

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What is a synergistic

Muscle that helps the agonist

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What is the action of the anterior deltoid and which joint does it cross?

Flex and medially rotate the humerus

Crosses the shoulder

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What is the action and joint crossed of the middle deltoid?

Abduct the humerus at the shoulder joint

Shoulder

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What is the posterior deltoid?

Extend and laterally rotate the humerus
Shoulder

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What is the action and joint crossed of the pectoral major?

Abduct and medially rotates the humerus

Flexes and medially rotate the shoulder joint

Horizontally adducts the shoulder joint

Crosses the shoulder joint

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What is the action And joint crossed of the biceps

Flex the elbow Crosses the shoulder and elbow joint

What joint does the rectus abdominous cross and what is the action?

Flex the spine Lumber and thoracic vertebrae

What joint does the oblique cross and what is the action?

vertebrae Lateral flexion and compresses abdomen

What is the transverse abdominous? What joint does it cross? What is the action?

Compresses the abdomen, providing support Crosses the lumbar vertebrae

What does the abductor do and what joint does it cross?

It crosses the hip joint Abducts the femur at the hip joint

What is the adductor? What joint does it cross and what is the action?

Adduct the femur at the hip joint and crosses the hip joint

What joint does the hip flexor cross and what is the action

Flexes the hip joint and crosses the hip joint

What is the action of the quadriceps and what joint does it cross?

Crosses the hip and knee joint Extend the knee and flexes the hip

What does the Tibialis anterior cross the joint and the action?

Ankle dorsiflexion Crosses the ankle joint

What is the Soleus and what joint does it cross?

Plantar flexion at the ankle and crosses the ankle joint

What does the Gastrocnemius joint cross?

Crosses the knee and ankle joint and has planter flexion at the ankle

What is the hamstring? What joint does it cross and what is the action of it?

Crosses the hip and me and flexes the knee and extend the hip

What is the gluteus maximus what joint does it cross and what is the action?

Crosses the hip joint Extend the hip and laterally rotate the hip

What is the erector spinae what is the action and what joints does it cross?

What is the Latissimus Dorsi what is the action and what joint does it cross?

Crosses the shoulder joint extend flexed arm and adducts and medially rotate the humerus

What is the triceps brachii? What joint does it cross and what is the action?

Crosses the elbow and shoulder joint Extend the elbow

What are the rhomboids? What joint do they cross and what is the action?

Crosses the shoulder girdle Retracts the scapula

What is the upper trapezius? What joint do they cross and what is the action?

Crosses the shoulder girdle and has elevation of the shoulder girdle

What is the middle trapezius? What joint does it cross and what is the action?

Crosses the shoulder girdle and retract the scapula

What is the lower trapezius? What joint does it cross and what is the action?

Cross as a shoulder girdle and depresses the scapula

What are the muscles in the quadriceps and where are they?

Vastus intermedius Tensor fasciae latae Rectus femoris Vastus Lateralis Vastus medialis

What are the muscles in the hamstrings?

Biceps femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus

What is the difference between? Medial and lateral rotation.

Rotation only occurs at the hip (femur) and shoulder (humerus) Medial rotate inwards Lateral rotate outwards

What is circumduction?

A circular motion like shoulder rolls or hips openers where the joint flexion/abduction ad extension/adducting

What is abduction?

Movement away from the midline (body) an example, would be raising your hand or leg

What is adduction?

Movement toward the midline (body)

What is the difference between abduction and adduction?

Abduction is away from the midline. An alien is pulling you away from your body. Adduction is towards the midline, you are adding to your body

What is flexion?

A decrease between two joints, and example, would be a bicep curl or a leg curl

What is extension?

Increasing the angle between two joints, so straightening your arm out from a bicep curl

Muscle of the triceps Movement of joint Inseration Origin

(Biceps relax when straightening triceps) Extend the elbow joint Origin proximal/end part of the humerus Inseration proximal/end part of the ulna

Deltoids (muscles) Movement Inseration Origin

(Anterior/medial/posterior) Shoulder muscles Abduct/lift arms Origin clavicle/sternum Inseration humerus

Latissimus Dorsi (muscle) Movement Origin Inseration Antagonist Agonist

Antagonist Pectoralis Major/deltoid Agonist teres major Origin lumbar spine/ribs Laterally rotates shoulder back (posterially)

Trapezius (Muscles) Origin insertion Movement

Superior/middle/inferior Neck/ shoulder area Origin thoracic and cervical spine and base of the skull Insertion clavicle in the scapula

Rectus abdominous Origin Insortation Movement

(Abs) Bends/flexes the spine Origin pubis bone Inseration sternum/costal cartilage is of the ribs

External oblique Insertion Origin Movement

Can contract one at a time Origin pelvis Inseration ribs

Gluteus maximus Origin Insertion Movement

Extends/adducts Origin pelvis, Insert on the femur

(hamstrings) Muscles Origin Inseration Movement Antagonist

Bicep femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus Flex/bend the knee joint Origin pelvis/femur insertion, tibia/fibula Antagonist quadriceps

Quadriceps Muscles Origin Insertion Movement Antagonist

Vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis, rectus femoris extension/straighten the knee Origin, pelvis and femur Insertion, patella and fibula Antagonist hamstrings

Sartorius Origin Insertion Movement Antagonist

Longus muscle in the body Rotate the knee laterally /away from body orgin pelvis Insertion tibia Antagonist quads,

Gastrocnemius Origin Insertion Movement Antagonist h

Origin femur Insertion heel plantar flexion Antagonist tibialis anterior

Tibialis anterior Movement Origin Insertion

Dorsiflexion Origin tibia Insertion foot metatarsal

Muscular System Flashcards

(65 cards)