Muscular System Flashcards
(9 cards)
MUSCLE TYPES
Cardiac- Found only in the heart - involuntary. Works continuously and doesn’t fatigue.
Skeletal- Attached to the skeleton connected via tendons - this is voluntary responsible for movement.
Smooth- Found in the walls of hallow organs digestive system- this is involuntary controls body functions.
MUSCLE NAMES AND LOCATIONS
Deltoid (Back Upper Arm)
Biceps (Front Upper Arm)
Triceps (Back Upper Arm)
Supinator (Upwards)
Pronation (Downwards)
Wrist Extensor (Facing Down)
Wrist Flexors (Facing Up)
Teres Major (Front Scapula & Humerus)
Trapezius (Head & Neck Below)
Latissimus Dorsi (Lower Spine
Pectoralis Major (Chest)
External Obliques (Side Stomach)
Abdominals (Stomach)
Erector Spinae (Middle Back)
Hip Flexors (Side Pelvis)
Gluteus Maximus (Buttocks)
Quadriceps (Front Upper Leg)
Hamstrings (Back Upper Leg)
Tibialis Anterior (Front Lower Leg)
Gastrocnemius (Back Lower Leg)
Soleus (Lower leg attach to Achilles)
ANTAGONISTIC MUSCLE PAIRS
Biceps & Triceps
Hamstrings & Quadriceps
Gluteals & Hip Flexors
Gastrocnemius & Tibialis Anterior
Pectoralis Major & Latissimus Dorsi
ANTAGONISTIC MOVEMENT
Agonist- Contracting Muscle.
Antagonist- Relaxing Muscle.
Fixator- Muscles that stabilise a joint by eliminating unwanted movement.
Synergistic- Helps the agonist by neutralising any undesired action at the joint so that the desired action can happen.
MUSCLE CONTRACTION
Isometric- A muscle works isometrically when there little or no movement in the joint or muscle. The muscles working but no movement.
Concentric- A muscle contracts and shortens causing movement at the joint as the force exerted is greater then the resistance. Example Power and explosive sports
Eccentric- A muscle can lengthen under a load or tension when working against gravity by trying to control a movement.
MUSCLE FIBRE TYPES
Type 1 (Red)- Slow speed of contraction. Low force produced. High resistance to fatigue. Example long distance running.
Type 11a (Pink)- Fast speed of contraction. Medium force produced. Medium resistance to fatigue. Example middle distance events.
Type 11b (White)- Very fast speed of contraction. High force produced. Low resistance to fatigue. Example sprinting.
All or none law- Impulses sent to the muscle via motor neurones. When the motor neurone relieves the signal to contract all the muscle fibres attached to the neurones will contract.
SHORT TERM EFFECTS OF EXERCISE ON THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM (Responses)
LONG TERM EFFECTS OF EXERCISE ON THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM (Adaptions)
MUSCULAR SYSTEM ISSUES
Age- Muscle deteriorate with age between the ages of 50-70 30% of muscle mass is lost. Loss of muscle is accelerated by a sedentary lifestyle by being active and continuing strengthen training effects can be reduced.
Cramp- Sudden strong contraction of a muscle as the muscle fibres have contracted and shortened.
Causes- dehydration, overuse of the muscle, mineral depletion.
Stretching before and after exercise, correct level of mineral ad electrolyte balance.
