muscular system Flashcards
1
Q
muscles
A
muscul/o, my/o, myos/o
2
Q
fascia
A
fasci/o
3
Q
tendons, stretch out, extend, strain
A
ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o
4
Q
bi-
A
twice, double two
5
Q
clon/o
A
violent action
6
Q
dys-
A
bad, difficult, or painful
7
Q
fasci/o
A
fascia, fibrous band
8
Q
fibr/o
A
fibrous tissue, fiber
9
Q
-ia
A
abnormal condition, disease, plural of -ium
10
Q
-ic
A
pertaining to
11
Q
kines/o, kinesi.o
A
movement
12
Q
-lysis
A
to set free, break down
13
Q
-plegia
A
paralysis, stroke
14
Q
tax/o
A
coordination, order
15
Q
ton/o
A
tone, stretching, tension
16
Q
tri-
A
three
17
Q
abduction
A
the movement of a limb (arm or leg) away form the midline of the body
18
Q
adduction
A
the movement of a limb (arm or leg) toward the midline of the body
19
Q
adhesion
A
a band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally
20
Q
ataxia
A
the lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement
21
Q
atonic
A
lacking normal muscle tone or strength
22
Q
atrophy
A
weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures
23
Q
bradykinesia
A
extreme slowness in movement
24
Q
carpal tunnel syndrome
A
swelling that creates pressure on the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel
25
chronic fatigue syndrome
a disease of unknown cause that affects many body systems, with symptoms similar to those of fibromyalgia
26
circumduction
the circular movement at the far end of a limb
27
compartment syndrome
involves the compression of nerves and blood vessels due to swelling within the compartment, an enclosed space created by the fascia that separates groups of muscles in the arm or leg; this syndrome can be caused by trauma, tight bandages or casts, or repetitive activities such as running
28
dorsifelxion
the movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle
29
dyskinesia
distortion or impairment of voluntary movement
30
dystonia
a movement disorder characterized by the involuntary and sometimes repetitive contraction of certain muscles
31
electromyography
a diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation
32
epicondylitis
the inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow
33
ergonomics
the study of the human factors that affect the design and operation of toll and the work environment
34
exercise physiologist
a specialist who works under the supervision of a physician to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness
35
fasciitis
inflammation of the fascia
36
fibromyalgia
a debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue; diffuse or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain; and a wide range of other symptoms
37
ganglion cyst
a benign, fluid-filled lump that usually occurs on the outer surface of the wrist or had, sometimes as a result of a past injury
38
heel spur
a calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the heel
39
hemiparesis
slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body
40
hemiplegia
total paralysis affecting only one side of the body
41
hernia
occurs when tissue, such as part of an internal organs, protrudes through a weak area in the muscle normally containing it
42
hyperkinesia
abnormally increased muscle function or avtivity
43
hypertonia
a condition in which there is diminished tine of the skeletal muscle
44
impingement syndrome
inflammation of tendons that get caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint
45
innervation
the stimulation of a muscle by an impulse by a motor nerve
46
insertion
where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon; in contrast to the origin, the insertion is the more movable attachment, and it is the farthest point from the midline of the body
47
intermittent claudication
pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest
48
muscular dystrophy
a group of more than 30 genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement, without affecting the nervous systems
49
myaasthenia gravis
a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces weakness and rapid fatigue of voluntary muscles
50
myoclonus
the quick, involuntary jerking of a muscle or groups of muscles
51
myofascial release
specialized soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia, myofascial pain syndrome, movement restrictions, temporomandibular joint disorders, and carpal tunnel syndrome
52
myoparesis
weakness or slight muscular paralysis
53
myorrhaphy
surgical suturing of a muscle
54
neuromuscular
pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle
55
oblique
slanted or at an angle.
56
origin
where the muscle begins; located nearest the midline of the body or on a less movable part of the skeleton. The origin is the less movable attachment
57
paralysis
the loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply.
58
paraplegia
paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body.
59
physiatrist
a physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function
60
plantar fasciitis
inflammation of the plantar fascia causing foot or heel pain when walking or running.
61
polymyositis
muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body
62
pronation
the act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned downward and backward.
63
quadraplegia
paralysis of all four extremities
64
sarcopenia
the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that comes with aging.
65
shin splint
pain caused by the muscle tearing away from the tibia
66
singultus
myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm.
67
sphincter
a ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway
68
sprain
injury to a joint, such as ankle, knee, or wrist, that usually involves a wrenched or torn ligament
69
tendinopathy
the general term for irritation or degeneration of a tendon in any joint, for example in the rotator cuff
70
tenodesis
surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to bone
71
tenolysis
the release of a tendon from adhesions
72
tenosynovitis
inflammation of the sheath around a tendon
73
tenotomy
a surgical cutting of a tendon to provide release or allow lengthening
74
torticollis
a stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side
75
transverse
in a crosswire direction
76
muscle fibers
are the long, slender cells that make up muscles
77
fascia
is a band of connective tissue that envelops, separates, or binds together muscles or groups of muscles
78
tendon
narrow band of nonelastic, dense, fibrous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone
79
patellar tendon
attaches to the bottom of the patella
80
achilles tendon
attaches to the gastrocnemius muscle
81
aponeurosis
is a sheet-like fibrous connective tissue resembling a flattened tendon that connects muscles together or to a bone
82
skeletal muscles
attached to the bones of the skeleton and make body motions possible
83
voluntary muscles
aka skeletal muscles, conscious control over muscles
84
striated muscles
aka skeletal muscles, under a microscope, the dark and light bands in the muscle fibers create a striped appearance
85
striated
stripes
86
smooth muscles
located in the walls of internal organs such a as the digestive tract, blood vessels, and ducts leading from glands
87
involuntary muscles
they are under control of the autonomic nervous system
88
unstriated muscles
This is because they do not have the dark and light bands that produce the striped appearance seen in striated muscles
89
visceral muscles
because they are found in hollow structures such as those of the digestive and urinary systems
90
myocardial muscles
aka myocardium or cardiac muscle, forms the muscular walls of the heart
91
cardi
heart
92
nueromuscular
pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle
93
antagonistic
refers to working in the opposition to each other
94
contraction
is the tightening of a muscle
95
relaxation
occurs when a muscle returns to it original form
96
