Muscular System 2.0

Question 1

movement

Answer 1

Muscles use voluntary contractions to pull on attached bones

Question 2

posture

Answer 2

Making constant adjustments against gravity

Question 3

Venous return

Answer 3

muscles act as a pump to move blood around the body to where needs it most

Question 4

Thermoregulation

Answer 4

Body uses involuntary contractions (shivering) to generate heat

Question 5

Assists breathing

Answer 5

Diaphragm contracts to change intra-thoracic volume and pressure

Question 6

Energy storage

Answer 6

glucose digested as carbs is stored as glycogen

Question 7

slow twitch, type 1

Answer 7

aerobic
large amounts of myoglobin, many mitochondria & capillaries
work continually and take longest to fatigue

Question 8

fast twitch, type 2a

Answer 8

aerobic & anaerobic
large amounts of myoglobin, many mitochondria & capillaries
Combination of both type 1 and 2b, takes time to fatigue but not as slow as type 1

Question 9

fast twitch, type 2b

Answer 9

anaerobic
low amounts of myoglobin, few mitochondria & capillaries
provides quick powerful bursts, quickest to fatigue

Question 10

concentric

Answer 10

muscle shortens and develops tension
joint angle decreases

Question 11

eccentric

Answer 11

muscle lengthens and develops tension
joint angle increases

Question 12

isometric

Answer 12

muscle remains same length and develops tension
joint angle remains the same

Question 13

muscular endurance

Answer 13

increased activity allows for recruitment of more slow twitch fibres allowing to work against resistance for sustained periods

Question 14

muscle hypertrophy

Answer 14

strength training creates and increase in myofilaments causing increased bulk and size of muscles

Question 15

improved tendon strength

Answer 15

force exerted during exercise thickens and strengthens muscle tissue allowing for reduced injury risk

Question 16

reduction in lactic acid production

Answer 16

increased activity builds up tolerance to these waste products

Question 17

improved energy storage

Answer 17

increased storage & replenishment of glycogen & number of mitochondria

Question 18

improved capillarisation

Answer 18

increased activity gives greater flow of blood and oxygen to working muscles

Question 19

t-tubles

Answer 19

deep channel running along length of sarcolemma

Question 20

sarcomere

Answer 20

contractile unit of striated muscle

Question 21

sarcolemma

Answer 21

membrane surrounding a muscle cell

Question 22

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Answer 22

regulates calcium levels within muscle cell

Question 23

actin & myosin

Answer 23

Thin & thick filaments that interact during contraction

Question 24

myofibrils

Answer 24

very fine contractile fibres arranged in bundles along a muscle

Question 25

myofibrils

Answer 25

very fine contractile fibres arranged in bundles along a muscle

Question 26

epimysium

Answer 26

encases whole muscle

Question 27

perimysium

Answer 27

wraps around many bundles of muscle fibres (fasicles)

Question 28

endomysium

Answer 28

surrounds muscle fibres

Question 29

NMJ Stage 1

Answer 29

Electrical impulse sent from the brain/CNS creates an action potential§

Question 30

NMJ stage 2

Answer 30

this travels along the motor nerve and meets muscle at the neuromuscular junction

Question 31

NMJ stage 3

Answer 31

at the end of this nerve is a synaptic end bulb where synaptic vesicles are found. these contain a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine

Question 32

NMJ stage 4

Answer 32

Acetylcholine then moves across the gap called a synapse and binds with receptors at the motor end plate of the muscle on the post-synaptic end membrane

Question 33

NMJ stage 5

Answer 33

This causes sodium channels of the sarcolemma to open and sodium leave the cell and potassium to flood in

Question 34

NMJ stage 6

Answer 34

Once threshold level is reached depolarisation begins and an action potential is generated to prepare the muscle for contraction