Muscular System

Question 1

The main function of the muscular system is ________.

Answer 1

movement

Question 2

The muscular system helps support _______ and creates _______.

Answer 2

posture/heat

Question 3

Name the 3 types of muscle in the body.

Answer 3

Visceral (smooth)
Cardiac
Skeletal

Question 4

Visceral muscle is the _______ type of muscle and is found in the _____, ______, and _____ _____.

Answer 4

weakest; stomach; intestines; blood vessels

Question 5

Visceral and cardiac muscle are controlled by the ________ part of our brain.

Answer 5

unconcious

Question 6

Cardiac muscle is only found in the _______ and is much _______ than visceral muscle.

Answer 6

heart; stronger

Question 7

Cardiac muscle is made up of cells called __________.

Answer 7

cardiomyocytes

Question 8

Cardiomyocytes are joined together by _____ _________. These allow the cells to contract in sync.

Answer 8

intercalated discs

Question 9

What causes light and dark stripes in cardiac muscle when viewed under a microscope?

Answer 9

The arrangement of proteins.

Question 10

Skeletal muscle is sometimes referred to as _______ muscle because of the way it appears under a microscope.

Answer 10

striated

Question 11

Skeletal muscle is muscle that _______ and ______ by voluntary action.

Answer 11

contracts; relaxes

Question 12

How does skeletal muscle attach to our bones? What are these made out of?

Answer 12

through tendons made out of connective tissue, rich in collagen fibers

Question 13

Muscle cells are lumped together to form fiber structures, and they are covered by the cell membrane called the ________.

Answer 13

sarcolema

Question 14

The sarcolemma tells muscle cells to do what?

Answer 14

to expand and contract by serving as a conductor for electrochemical signals

Question 15

What helps the sarcolemma transfer electrochemical signals even deeper into the tissue?

Answer 15

transverse tubules

Question 16

Where are calcium ions stored in the muscle?

Answer 16

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 17

The sarcoplasmic reticulum is a complex of membranes that form a network of _______ ______ ______.

Answer 17

interconnected hollow tubes

Question 18

The sarcoplasmic reticulum releases calcium ions during _______ and absorbs them during ______.

Answer 18

contraction; relaxation

Question 19

What is the contractile subunit of the muscle fiber that extend from one end of the fiber to another?

Answer 19

myofibrils

Question 20

Myofibrils are surrounded by the _______ ______.

Answer 20

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 21

Myofibrils are made up of _______.

Answer 21

sarcomeres

Question 22

Sarcomeres are made up of precise arrangements of _____ and _____ filaments.

Answer 22

actin; myosin

Question 23

Actin form the _____ filaments while myosin forms the ______ filaments.

Answer 23

thin; thick

Question 24

Sarcomeres are attached end to end throughout the length of the myofibril. The junction points, where each sarcomere meets, is called the ____ _____.

Answer 24

Z - line

Question 25

Why do myofibrils have a striped appearance?

Answer 25

the alternating thick and thin filaments

Question 26

Muscle contraction is based on the ______ _____ theory.

Answer 26

Sliding Filament

Question 27

When at rest, where to the actin and myosin filaments sit in the muscle?

Answer 27

Actin - sits at the end of the muscle | Myosin - resides towards the center of the muscle

Question 28

During contraction, myosin attaches to actin filaments and pulls them towards the _____ of the _______.

Answer 28

center of sarcomere

Question 29

During contraction, the entire sarcomere shortens because the acting filaments are sliding ______

Answer 29

inward

Question 30

A sarcomere is made up of different bands and zones. The ___ band are the thick myosin filaments, but they do not shorten during contraction.

Answer 30

A - band

Question 31

A sarcomere is made up of different bands and zones. The ___ band is between the thick, myosin filaments where only actin filaments are found.

Answer 31

I - Band

Question 32

The ___ - _____ is between the actin filaments, and it contains only thick myosin filaments.

Answer 32

H - Zone

Question 33

There are two types of skeletal muscle. Type I and II. Which type contracts slowly, and used for stamina and posture?

Answer 33

Type I

Question 34

Type I skeletal muscle produces energy from sugar using _____ _____ and is resistant to _____.

Answer 34

aerobic respiration; fatigue

Question 35

Type II skeletal muscle contract _______.

Answer 35

quickly

Question 36

Type II A skeletal muscle is found more in the _____ and larger muscle groups as it has more endurance than type B.

Answer 36

legs

Question 37

Type II B skeletal muscle is found more in smaller muscle groups such as the ____ as it does not have as much endurance as type II A.

Answer 37

arms

Question 38

Skeletal muscles work by contracting and shortening the length in the middle part of the muscle called the _____ _____.

Answer 38

muscle belly

Question 39

The stationary bone when moving is called the ______, while moving bone is called the _______.

Answer 39

origin; insertion

Question 40

The _____ is the muscle responsible for the action while the _______ does the opposite of the action.

Answer 40

agonist; antagonist

Question 41

When the elbow is flexed, the bicep is the _____ and the tricep is the _______.

Answer 41

agonist; antagonist

Question 42

What muscles help support the agonist, and stabilize and reduce unnecessary movement?

Answer 42

synergists

Question 43

What muscles help support to keep the origin stable?

Answer 43

fixators

Question 44

``` Muscles can be named in many different ways. ______ of body Number of _____ Bones to which they are ______ Function Relative _____ ```

Answer 44

``` Region of body Number of origins Bones to which they are attached Function Relative Size ```

Question 45

________ contractions generate force by changing the length of the muscle while _______ contractions generate force without changing the length of the muscle.

Answer 45

isotonic; isometric

Question 46

The neurons that control muscles are called ______ ______.

Answer 46

motor neurons

Question 47

Motor neurons control muscle cell groups called ______ _____.

Answer 47

motor units

Question 48

The larger the muscle the ______ cells in the unit; the smaller the muscle, the _____ cells in the unit.

Answer 48

more; less

Question 49

There are 2 ways that muscles get energy. What are they?

Answer 49

Aerobic respiration; Lactic Acid fermentation

Question 50

What is the most effective way a muscle gets energy?

Answer 50

aerobic respiration

Question 51

Lactic Acid fermentation is a process that goes by _______ respiration. It is less effective and only used when blood cannot get to the muscle due to _______ contraction

Answer 51

anerobic; prolonged

Question 52

What is the goal of aerobic respiration and lactic acid fermentation?

Answer 52

to produce ATP from glucose

Question 53

The most important energy molecule in for our bodies is ______.

Answer 53

ATP

Question 54

Muscles also use other sources for energy. ______ stores oxygen and allows for aerobic respiration even when blood cannot get to the muscles.

Answer 54

Myoglobin

Question 55

Muscles also use other sources of energy. ______ ______ helps created energy by helping ATP be created by a donated phosphate group going to depleted ADP.

Answer 55

creatine phosphate

Question 56

What molecule is made out of glucose that helps muscles make ATP?

Answer 56

glycogen

Question 57

When a muscle is out of energy it is said to be _______. That means there is little to no oxygen, ATP, or glucose, and ____ _____ levels and ______ are high.

Answer 57

fatigued; lactic acid; ADP