MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Question 1

Three basic muscle types found in the body

Answer 1

SKELETAL MUSCLE
SMOOTH MUSCLE
CARDIAC MUSCLE

Question 2

Prefixes _____ and _____ refer to muscle

Answer 2

MYO; MYS

Question 3

Prefix “sarco” means ______

Answer 3

FLESH

Question 4

Most are attached by tendons to bones and the cells are multinucleate. These muscles are striated and voluntary.

Answer 4

SKELETAL MUSCLES

Question 5

Encloses a single muscle fiber

Answer 5

ENDOMYSIUM

Question 6

Wraps around a fascicle of muscle fibers

Answer 6

PERIMYSIUM

Question 7

Covers the entire skeletal muscle

Answer 7

EPIMYSIUM

Question 8

On the outside of the epimysium

Answer 8

FASCIA

Question 9

Are cord-like structures and most collagen fibers. Often cross a joint due to toughness and small size.

Answer 9

TENDONS

Question 10

Are sheet-like structures. Attach muscles indirectly to bones, cartilages, or connective tissue coverings.

Answer 10

APONEUROSES

Question 11

Sites of muscle attachments

Answer 11

BONES
CARTILAGE
CONNECTIVE TISSUE COVERINGS

Question 12

Lack striations. Spindle-shaped cells and are single nucleus. These muscles are involuntary and found mainly in the walls of hollow organs.

Answer 12

SMOOTH MUSCLES

Question 13

Striations are present. Usually has single nucleus and are involuntary and only found in the walls of the heart.

Answer 13

CARDIAC MUSCLE

Question 14

Are specialized plasma membrane

Answer 14

SARCOLEMMA

Question 15

Long organelles inside muscle cells

Answer 15

MYOFIBRILS

Question 16

Specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 16

SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM

Question 17

Light band and contains only thin filaments

Answer 17

I BAND

Question 18

Dark band and contains the entire length of the thick filaments

Answer 18

A BAND

Question 19

Contractile unit of muscle fiber

Answer 19

SACROMERE

Question 20

Thick filaments

Answer 20

MYOSIN FILAMENTS

Question 21

Thin filaments

Answer 21

ACTIN FILAMENTS

Question 22

The zone in the A band that lacks actin filaments

Answer 22

H ZONE OR BARE ZONE

Question 23

Stores and releases calcium. Surrounds the myofibril.

Answer 23

SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM

Question 24

Ability to receive and respond stimulus

Answer 24

EXCITABILITY (RESPONSIVENESS OR IRRITABILITY)

Question 25

Ability to shorten when an adequate stimulus is received

Answer 25

CONTRACTILITY

Question 26

Ability of muscle cells to be stretched

Answer 26

EXTENSIBILITY

Question 27

Ability to recoil and resume resting length after stretching

Answer 27

ELASTICITY

Question 28

Skeletal muscles are stimulated by a ____________ to contract

Answer 28

MOTOR NEURON (NERVE CELL)

Question 29

One motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle cells stimulated by that neuron

Answer 29

MOTOR UNIT

Question 30

Association site of axon terminal of the motor neuron and muscle

Answer 30

NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION

Question 31

Gap between nerve and muscle

Answer 31

SYNAPTIC CLEFT

Question 32

Chemical released by nerve upon arrival of nerve impulse in the axon terminal

Answer 32

NEUROTRANSMITTER

Question 33

The neurotransmitter for skeletal muscles

Answer 33

ACETYLCHOLINE (ACh)

Question 34

Muscle fiber contraction is "_____ or _____"

Answer 34

ALL; NONE

Question 35

Different degrees of skeletal muscle shortening

Answer 35

GRADED RESPONSES

Question 36

Graded responses can be produced by changing the _________ of muscle stimulation and the _________ of muscles being stimulated at one time

Answer 36

FREQUENCY; NUMBER

Question 37

Type of graded response wherein there is a single, brief contraction. Not a normal muscle function.

Answer 37

TWITCH

Question 38

One contraction is immediately followed by another

Answer 38

SUMMING OF CONTRACTIONS

Question 39

Some relaxations occurs between contractions but nerve stimuli arrive at an even faster rate than during summing of contractions

Answer 39

UNFUSED (INCOMPLETE) TETANUS

Question 40

No evidence of relaxation before the following contractions.

Answer 40

FUSED (COMPLETE) TETANUS

Question 41

Glucose is broken down to carbon dioxide and water, releasing energy (about 32 ATP)

Answer 41

AEROBIC RESPIRATION

Question 42

Reaction that breaks down glucose without oxygen. Glucose is broken down to Pyruvic acid to produce 2 ATP. Pyruvic acid is then converted to lactic acid.

Answer 42

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

Question 43

Common cause for muscle fatigue

Answer 43

OXYGEN DEBT

Question 44

The muscle shortens and movement occurs. Myofilaments are able to slide past each other during contractions. (Ex: Bending the knee, rotating the arm)

Answer 44

ISOTONIC CONTRACTIONS

Question 45

Tension in the muscle increases. The muscle is unable to shorten or produce movement. (Ex: Push against a wall with bent elbows)

Answer 45

ISOMETRIC CONTRACTIONS

Question 46

Results in stronger, more flexible muscles with greater resistance to fatigue (Ex: Biking and Jogging)

Answer 46

AEROBIC (ENDURANCE) EXERCISE

Question 47

Increase muscle size and strength. (Ex: Weight lifting)

Answer 47

RESISTANCE (ISOMETRIC) EXERCISE

Question 48

Muscles are attached to at least two points. The _______ and the ________

Answer 48

ORIGIN; INSERTION

Question 49

Attachment to a movable bone

Answer 49

ORIGIN

Question 50

Attachment to an immovable bone

Answer 50

INSERTION

Question 51

Decreases the angle of the joint. Brings two bones closer together.

Answer 51

FLEXION

Question 52

Opposite of flexion. Increases angle between two bones.

Answer 52

EXTENSION

Question 53

Movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis. Common in ball-and-socket joints.

Answer 53

ROTATION

Question 54

Movement of limb away from the midline

Answer 54

ABDUCTION

Question 55

Movement of a limb toward the midline

Answer 55

ADDUCTION

Question 56

Combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction

Answer 56

CIRCUMDUCTION

Question 57

Lifting the foot so that the superior surface approaches the shin (toward the dorsum)

Answer 57

DORSIFLEXION

Question 58

Depressing the foot (Pointing the toes). "Planting the foot toward the sole.

Answer 58

PLANTAR FLEXION

Question 59

Turn sole of foot medially

Answer 59

INVERSION

Question 60

Turn sole of foot laterally

Answer 60

EVERSION

Question 61

Forearm rotates laterally so palm faces anteriorly. Radius and ulna are parallel

Answer 61

SUPINATION

Question 62

Forearm rotates medially so palm faces posteriorly. Radius and ulna cross each other like an X.

Answer 62

PRONATION

Question 63

Move thumb to touch the tips of other finger on the same hand.

Answer 63

OPPOSITION

Question 64

Muscle with the major responsibility for a certain movement (Agonist)

Answer 64

PRIME MOVER

Question 65

Muscle that opposes or reverses a prime mover

Answer 65

ANTAGONIST

Question 66

Muscle that aids a prime mover in a movement that helps prevent rotation.

Answer 66

SYNERGIST

Question 67

Stabilizes the origin of a prime mover

Answer 67

FIXATOR

Question 68

Raises eyebrows

Answer 68

FRONTALIS

Question 69

Closes eyes, squints, blinks, winks

Answer 69

ORBICULARIS OCULI

Question 70

Closes mouth and protrudes the lips

Answer 70

ORBICULARIS ORIS

Question 71

Flattens the cheek, chews

Answer 71

BUCCINATOR

Question 72

Raises corners of the mouth

Answer 72

ZYGOMATICUS

Question 73

Closes the jaw and elevates

Answer 73

MASSETER

Question 74

Synergist of the masseter, closes jaw.

Answer 74

TEMPORALIS

Question 75

Pulls the corner of the mouth inferiorly

Answer 75

PLATYSMA

Question 76

Flexes the neck, rotates the head

Answer 76

STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID