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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Flashcards

(92 cards)

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1
Q

What are the organs in the respiratory system?

A 
NOSE
PHARYNX
LARYNX
TRACHEA
BRONCHI
LUNGS-ALVEOLI
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2
Q

The only externally visible part of the respiratory system

A

NOSE

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3
Q

Are the route through which air enters the nose

A

NOSTRILS (NARES)

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4
Q

The interior of the nose

A

NASAL CAVITY

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5
Q

Divides the nasal cavity

A

NASAL SEPTUM

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6
Q

Any area open to the outside of the body is lined with _________ membrane, which is a “wet” or moist membrane

A

MUCOUS (MUCOSA)

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7
Q

Located in the mucosa on the superior surface

A

OLFACTORY RECEPTORS

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8
Q

Projections from the lateral walls

A

CONCHAE

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9
Q

Separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity

A

PALATE

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10
Q

Cavities within the frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary bones surrounding the nasal cavity

A

PARANASAL SINUSES

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11
Q

Functions of the sinuses

A
  • LIGHTEN THE SKULL
  • RESONANCE CHAMBERS FOR SPEECH
  • RODUCE MUCUS
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12
Q

Commonly called the throat and is the muscular passageway from nasal cavity to larynx

A

PHARYNX

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13
Q

Three regions of the Pharynx

A

NASOPHARYNX
OROPHARYNX
LARYNGOPHARYNX

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14
Q

Superior region behind nasal cavity

A

NASOPHARYNX

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15
Q

Middle region behind mouth

A

OROPHARYNX

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16
Q

Inferior region attached to larynx

A

LARYNGOPHARYNX

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17
Q

____________ and ____________ serve as common passageway for air and food

A

OROPHARYNX; LARYNGOPHARYNX

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18
Q

Routes food into the posterior tube, the esophagus

A

EPIGLOTTIS

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19
Q

Open into the nasopharynx and drain the middle ear

A

PHARYNGOTYMPANIC TUBES

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20
Q

Clusters of lymphatic tissue that plays a role in protecting the body from infection

A

TONSIL

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21
Q

A single tonsil, located in the nasopharynx

A

PHARYNGEAL TONSIL

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22
Q

Located in the oropharynx at the end of the soft palate

A

PALATINE TONSIL

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23
Q

Found at the base of the tongue

A

LINGUAL TONSIL

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24
Q

Commonly called the voice box and routes air and food into proper channels. Plays a role in speech.

A

LARYNX

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25
Larynx is made of _____ rigid hyaline cartilages
Eight
26
The largest cartilage in the larynx
THYROID CARTILAGE (ADAM'S APPLE)
27
Spoon-shaped flap of elastic cartilage and protects the superior opening of the larynx
EPIGLOTTIS
28
Also called the true vocal cords. Vibrates with expelled air and allows us to speak
VOCAL FOLDS
29
Includes the vocal cords and the opening between the vocal cords
GLOTTIS
30
Commonly called the windpipe. 4-inch-long tube that connects to the larynx
TRACHEA
31
Formed by division of the trachea
BRONCHI
32
Each bronchus enters the lung at the _______
HILUM (MEDIAL DEPRESSION)
33
Side of bronchus that is wider, shorter, and straighter than left
RIGHT BRONCHUS
34
Occupy the entire thoracic cavity except for the central mediastinum
LUNGS
35
Apex of each lung is near the _________ and base rests on the __________
CLAVICLE; DIAPHRAGM
36
The left lung is divided into ______ lobes and the right lung is divided into ______ lobes.
TWO; THREE
37
Covers the outer surface of the lungs
SEROSA
38
Covers the lung surface
VISCERAL PLEURA
39
Lines the walls of the thoracic cavity
PARIETAL PLEURA
40
Smallest conducting passageways
BRONCHIOLES
41
The only site of gas exchange
ALVEOLI
42
The network of branching passageways
BRONCHIAL TREE
43
Respiratory zone includes the:
- RESPIRATORY BRONCHIOLES - ALVEOLAR DUCTS - ALVEOLAR SACS - ALVEOLI
44
This zone structures include all other passageways
CONDUCTING ZONE
45
Simple squamous epithelial cells largely compose the walls
ALVEOLI
46
Covers the external surfaces of Alveoli
PULMONARY CAPILLARIES
47
Formed by alveoli and capillary walls
RESPIRATORY MEMBRANE (AIR-BLOOD BARRIER)
48
Gas crosses the respiratory membrane by __________
DIFFUSION
49
During diffusion, oxygen enters the _______ and carbon dioxide enters the _______
BLOOD; ALVEOLI
50
Add protection by picking up bacteria, carbon particles and other debris
ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES ("DUST CELLS")
51
A lipid molecule that coats gas-exposed alveolar surfaces
SURFACTANT
52
Four distinct events of respiration
- PULMONARY VENTILATION - EXTERNAL RESPIRATION - RESPIRATORY GAS TRANSPORT - INTERNAL RESPIRATION
53
Moving air into and out of the lungs (commonly called breathing)
PULMONARY VENTILATION
54
Gas exchange between pulmonary blood and alveoli
EXTERNAL RESPIRATION
55
Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide via the bloodstream
RESPIRATORY GAS TRANSPORT
56
Gas exchange between blood and tissue cells in systemic capillaries
INTERNAL RESPIRATION
57
Mechanical process that depends on volume changes in the thoracic cavity
PULMONARY VENTILATION
58
Two phases of pulmonary ventilation
INSPIRATION AND EXPIRATION
59
Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract
INSPIRATION
60
Can occur mostly by contraction of internal intercostal muscles to depress the rib cage
EXPIRATION (EXHALATION)
61
The pressure within the pleural space is always _________
NEGATIVE
62
Major factor preventing lung collapse
INTRAPLEURAL PRESSURE
63
Factors affecting respiratory capacity
- SIZE - SEX - AGE - PHYSICAL CONDITION
64
Normal quiet breathing. 500 ml of air is moved in/out of lungs with each breath
TIDAL VOLUME (TV)
65
Amount of air that can be taken in forcibly over the tidal volume. Usually around 3,100 ml.
INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME (IRV)
66
Amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a tidal expiration. Approximately 1,200 ml
EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME (ERV)
67
Air remaining in lung after expiration. Cannot be voluntarily exhaled. Allow gas exchange to go on continuously, even between breaths, and helps keep alveoli open (inflated)
RESIDUAL VOLUME
68
The total amount of exchangeable air. 4800 ml in men; 3100 ml in women
VITAL CAPACITY
69
Air that remains in conducting zone and never reaches alveoli. About 150 ml
DEAD SPACE VOLUME
70
Air that actually reaches the respiratory zone. Usually about 350 ml
FUNCTIONAL VOLUME
71
Respiratory capacities are measured with a __________
SPIROMETER
72
Can be caused by reflexes or voluntary actions
NON RESPIRATORY AIR MOVEMENTS
73
Two recognizable sounds that can be heard with a stethoscope
BRONCHIAL SOUNDS AND VESICULAR BREATHING SOUNDS
74
Produced by air rushing through large passageways such as the trachea and bronchi
BRONCHIAL SOUNDS
75
Soft sounds of air filling alveoli
VESICULAR BREATHING SOUNDS
76
For carbon dioxide to diffuse out of blood into the alveoli, it must be released from its __________ form
BICARBONATE
77
Setting the basic rhythm
NEURAL REGULATION
78
Activity of respiratory muscles is transmitted to and from the brain by ________ and _________ nerves
PHRENIC; INTERCOSTAL
79
Neural centers that control rate and depth are located in the __________ and __________
MEDULLA; PONS
80
Sets basic rhythm of breathing and contains a pacemaker (self-exciting inspiratory center) called the ventral respiratory group (VRG)
MEDULLA
81
Smoothes out respiratory rate
PONS
82
Increased respiratory rate often due to extra oxygen needs
HYPERPNEA
83
The normal respiratory rate (eupnea)
12 to 18 respirations per minute
84
Increased respiratory rate, often due to extra oxygen needs
HYPERVENTILATION
85
Results when blood becomes alkaline
HYPOVENTILATION
86
Exemplified by chronic bronchitis and emphysema
CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
87
Mucosa of the lower respiratory passages becomes severely inflamed
CHRONIC BRONCHITIS
88
Patients with chronic bronchitis are called as __________
BLUE BLOATERS
89
Alveoli walls are destroyed; remaining alveoli enlarge
EMPHYSEMA
90
Patients suffering with emphysema are called _________
PINK PUFFERS
91
Leading cause of cancer death for men and women
LUNG CANCER
92
Chronically inflamed, hypersensitive bronchiole passages
ASTHMA

ANAPHY (6 decks)

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