Muscular System

Question 1

What are the three types of muscle fibres?

Answer 1

Type 1 (slow)
Type 2a
Type 2b (fast)

Question 2

What is the work:rest for type 1 (slow) muscle fibres?

Answer 2

3:1

Question 3

What is the work:rest for type 2b (fast) muscle fibres?

Answer 3

1:4-1:6

Question 4

What are the STRUCTURAL characteristics of type 1 (slow) muscle fibres?

Answer 4

⬆️myoglobin
⬆️mitochondria
⬆️capillaries
⬇️phospho-creation

Question 5

What are the STRUCTURAL characteristics of type 2a muscle fibres?

Answer 5

➡️myoglobin
➡️mitochondria
➡️capillaries
➡️phospho-creatin

Question 6

What are the STRUCTURAL characteristics of type 2b (fast) muscle fibres?

Answer 6

⬇️myoglobin
⬇️mitochondria
⬇️capillaries
⬆️phospho-creatin

Question 7

What is the FUNCTIONAL characteristics of type 1 (slow) muscle fibres?

Answer 7

⬇️Force of contraction
⬆️resistance to fatigue
⬆️aerobic capacity

Question 8

What is the FUNCTIONAL characteristics of type 2a muscle fibres?

Answer 8

➡️Force or contraction

➡️resistance to fatigue

Question 9

What is the FUNCTIONAL characteristics of type 2b (fast) muscle fibres?

Answer 9

⬆️Force of contraction

⬇️resistence to fatigue

Question 10

What is a SPORTING EX of type 1 (slow) muscle fibres?

Answer 10

Long distance runner

Question 11

What is a SPORTING EX of a type 2a muscle fibre?

Answer 11

Games player
800m,1500m runner
200m swimmer

Question 12

What is a SPORTING EX of a type 2b (fast) muscle fibre?

Answer 12

100m sprinter
Weight lifter
Shotput

Question 13

What MOT (method of training) is used to develop type 1 (slow) muscle fibres?

Answer 13

Continuous training

Question 14

What MOT (method of training) is used to develop type 2a muscle fibres?

Answer 14

Fartlek training- different speed/intensity

Question 15

What MOT (method of training) is used to develop type 2b (fast) muscle fibres?

Answer 15

Interval training

Plyometric training

Question 16

What is the neuro-muscular system?

Answer 16

Electric impulse sent from the CNS (central nervous system) to the skeletal muscles to force them to move

Question 17

What does CNS stand for?

Answer 17

Central nervous system

Question 18

What is the order of the working of motor unit?

Answer 18

Motor neuron
Action potential
Axon 
Neuromuscular junction
Synaptic cleft
Acetylcholine
All or nothing

Question 19

What happens at stage 2 of the workings of a motor unit?

Answer 19

A nerve impulse is initiated in the motor neuron

Question 20

What happens at stage 2 of the workings of a motor unit?

Answer 20

Nerve impulse travels down axon as a action potential

Question 21

What happens at stage 3 of the workings of a motor unit?

Answer 21

Secretion of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft, this allows the charge to pass over the gap at the neuromuscular junction

Question 22

What happens at stage 4,5,6 of the workings of a motor unit?

Answer 22

ALL OR NOTHING theory, if the electric charge is above a threshold muscle fibres will contract. All the muscle fibres contract or none do

Question 23

What are muscles used for?

Answer 23

To create force

Question 24

What is a isotonic muscle contraction?

Answer 24

Tension is produced, muscle length changes

Question 25

What is the two types of isotonic muscle contraction?

Answer 25

Concentric isotonic- muscle length shortens | Eccentric isotonic- muscle length lengthens

Question 26

What is a isometric muscle contraction?

Answer 26

Tensions is produced, no change in muscle length BUT still a contraction

Question 27

What is the AGONIST and ANTAGONIST in flexion at the elbow?

Answer 27

Bicep bracci | Tricep bracci

Question 28

Which muscles is CONCENTRIC and ECCENTRIC in flexion at the elbow?

Answer 28

``` Concentric= Bicep bracci Eccentric= tricep bracci ```

Question 29

What muscle is ISOTONIC CONCENTRIC contraction in dorsiflexion at the ankle?

Answer 29

Tibialis anterior

Question 30

Which muscle is ISOTONIC ECCENTRIC contraction is dorsiflexion at the ankle?

Answer 30

Gastrocnemius (hamstring)

Question 31

What is antagonist?

Answer 31

The antagonist muscle relaxes when muscles work in pairs

Question 32

What is a agonist?

Answer 32

The agonist is a prime mover which contracts when muscles work together

Question 33

What is a fixator?

Answer 33

A fixator controls and stabilises the movement when muscles work together

Question 34

When striking a ball in the flexion stage (bringing leg back to strike the ball) what muscles are the antagonist, agonist and fixator?

Answer 34

``` Agonist= bicep fomoris Antagonist= rectus fomoris (quadriceps) Fixator= gluteals maximus ```