Muscularskeletal system flashcards

Question 1

What are alveoli and where are they found?

Answer 1

They are small air sacs that are found in the lungs. Gaseous exchange takes place here.

Question 2

Diffusion pathway

Answer 2

The distance travelled during diffusion.

Question 3

Exhalation/Expiration

Answer 3

Breathing out

Question 4

Expiratory Reserve Volume

Answer 4

The amount of air that can be forced out after normal expiration.
This decreases during exercise.

Question 5

Gaseous Exchange

Answer 5

The process where oxygen from the air in the alveoli moves into the blood in the capillaries and carbon dioxide moves from the blood into the air in the alveoli.

Question 6

Inspiration/Inhalation

Answer 6

the process of breathing in

Question 7

Inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 7

The amount of air that can be forced in after normal breathing. This decreases during exercise.

Question 8

Maximal heart rate

Answer 8

Calculated by: 220-age

Question 9

hypertension

Answer 9

High blood pressure in the arteries.

Question 10

heart chambers

Answer 10

They include the right and left atria and ventricles.

Question 11

heart attack

Answer 11

It occurs when the flow of oxygen-rich blood to a section of heart muscle suddenly becomes blocked.

Question 12

backflow

Answer 12

The flowing backwards of blood.

Valves prevent blood from flowing backwards in veins.

Question 13

blood pressure

Answer 13

The pressure that blood is under.

Question 14

systolic blood pressure

Answer 14

Systolic pressure is the pressure the blood is under when the heart contracts

Question 15

diastolic blood pressure

Answer 15

diastolic pressure is the pressure the blood is under when the heart relaxes.

Question 16

capillaries

Answer 16

A network of blood vessels. They are only one cell thick.

Question 17

cardiac output

Answer 17

The volume of blood ejected from the heart in one minute
Cardiac Output =
Stroke Volume X Heart Rate

Question 18

Cardio-Respiratory System

Answer 18

When the cardiovascular system and the respiratory system work together.

Question 19

diastole

Answer 19

The phase of a heart beat when the chambers relax and fill with blood.

Question 20

heamoglobin

Answer 20

The protein found in red blood cells that transports oxygen (as oxyhaemoglobin) and carbon dioxide around the body.

Question 21

heart rate

Answer 21

The number of times your heart beats in one minute.

Question 22

antagonist

Answer 22

The muscle or group of muscles that relax to allow a movement to take place. The antagonist works in pairs with the agonist.

Question 23

agonist

Answer 23

Muscle or group responsible for the movement.

Question 24

adduction

Answer 24

Movement of a bone or limb towards

the midline of the body.

Question 25

abduction

Answer 25

Movement of a bone or limb away from the midline of the body.

Question 26

extension

Answer 26

Increase in the angle of bones at a joint.

Question 27

flexion

Answer 27

Decrease in the angle of the bones at a joint

Question 28

synovial membrane

Answer 28

produces synovial fluid

Question 29

synovial fluid

Answer 29

provides lubrication

Question 30

joint capsule

Answer 30

encloses/supports bursae (sacks of fluid) – reduce friction

Question 31

cartilage

Answer 31

prevents friction/bones rubbing together

Question 32

ligaments

Answer 32

attach bone to bone

Question 33

synovial joint

Answer 33

An area of the body where two or more bones meet (articulate) to allow a range of movements. The ends of the bones are covered in articular cartilage and are enclosed in a capsule filled with fluid.

Question 34

skeletal system

Answer 34

Skeletal system provides a framework of bones for movement, in conjunction with the muscular system.

Question 35

rotation

Answer 35

movement around an axis

Question 36

plantar flexion

Answer 36

Pointing the toes at the ankle/increasing the ankle angle

Question 37

dorsi flexion

Answer 37

Toes up at the ankle/decreasing the ankle angle.

Question 38

isotonic contraction

Answer 38

Muscle contraction that results in limb movement

Question 39

concentric contracion

Answer 39

Shortening of the muscle

Question 40

eccentric contraction

Answer 40

Lengthening of the muscle.

Question 41

hypertrophy

Answer 41

The enlargement of an organ or tissue caused by an increase in the size of its cell.

Question 42

articulating bones

Answer 42

Bones that meet at a joint to enable movement.