Musculo Flashcards
(133 cards)
1
Q
Maximum ABD and ER?
What joint and position?
A
Glenohumeral
Close-packed
2
Q
What is loose packed position for glenohumeral?
A
40-50 degrees ABD
30 degrees horizontal ADD
O degree rotation
3
Q
What is loose packed and close packed position for humeroulnar (elbow)?
A
Loose-
70 degree flexion
10 degree supination
Close-
Full extension and supination
4
Q
30 degree flexion
30 degree ABD
Slight lateral rotation
What joint and position?
A
Hip
Loose packed
5
Q
Neutral w/ slight ulnar deviation?
What joint and position?
A
Radio/ulnocarpal
Loose packed
6
Q
What is grade 1 and 2 mobilization techniques used for?
A
Pain relief
7
Q
What is grade 3 mobilization technique used for?
A
Stretching increasing ROM
Large amp/ slow oscillation
8
Q
What is the contradications for joint mobilization?
A
Joint hypermobility
Joint effusion
Inflammation
9
Q
What is the Maitland mobilization technique for grade 1,2,and 3?
A
1- small amp/quick oscillation
2- large amp/slow oscillation
3- large amp/slow oscillation
10
Q
Full extension w/ radial deviation?
What joint and position?
A
Radio/ ulnocarpal
Close packed
11
Q
Full extension, ABD, IR?
What joint and position?
A
Hip
Close pack
12
Q
What is the loose and close pack for knee ( tibiofemoral)?
A
Loose- 25 degree flexion
Close- full extension, ER
13
Q
Midway between extremes of ROM?
What joint and position?
A
Subtalar
Loose pack
14
Q
What is close pack for subtalar?
A
Full inversion
15
Q
What is loose and close pack for talocrural?
A
Loose- mid inversion/eversion
10 degree PF
Close- Full DF
16
Q
Full knee extension with leg supported?
What joint and position?
A
Patella femoral
Loose pack
17
Q
What is close pack for patella femoral?
A
Full flexion
18
Q
What is #1 cause for T.J.A ( total joint arthoplasty)?
A
Osteo arthritis
19
Q
What is D.J.D ( degenerative joint disease)?
A
Osteo arthritis ( OA)
20
Q
What joint is heberdens nodes?
A
DIP joint
21
Q
What joint is bouchards nodes?
A
PIP joint
22
Q
What is boutonnière?
A
PIP in flex
23
Q
What is swan neck?
A
PIP in ext
24
Q
What arthritis is boutonnière and swan neck seen in?
A
RA
25
During what arthritis is heberdens nodes and bouchards nodes seen in?
Osteo arthritis ( OA)
26
What is treatment for RA?
No PT during flare up
High heat (parrafin) after inflam. Stage
S/s functional mobility
27
What is treatment for OA?
Functional mobility
Ex sit to stand, bed mobility
28
What med is used for OA?
NSAIDs
Steroids
29
What med is used for RA?
DMARDS
Med ending in UMAB
30
What is the plumb line?
Through earlobe
Through acromion process
Through lumbar bodies
Through greater trochanter
Just posterior to patella
Anterior to lateral malleolus
31
What is the most common sprain and the cause?
Ankle: anterior talofibular ligament
Cause: PF+ inversion
32
What is most common strain? UE and LE?
UE: Pec major and biceps
LE: quad and hamstring
33
Pain with contraction
Spasm
Returns to 100%
Strain
muscle
34
No pain w/ contraction
Spasm
Return to 80%
Ligament
Sprain
35
What is the result of 1,2,and 3 degree strain or sprain?
1- micro trauma
2- 50% + fibers torn
3-100% fibers torn(sx)
36
Tx for tendinosis?
Contrast bath
Remove chronic edema
Turn into tendinitis
37
What is cause of tendinitis?
Biomechanical fault ( muscle imbalance) + repetition of movement
38
Treatment for tendinitis?
Stop 3-5 weeks
Create muscle balance, endurance, and strength
Education- warm up and cool down
39
Which part of tendon in UE is tendinitis in?
Originating (proximal) tendon
40
What part of tendon of LE is tendinitis in?
Insertional (distal) tendon
41
What is the cause of bursitis?
Biomechanical fault + repetitive movement, trauma ( direct impact) extremely painful
42
What is treatment for bursitis?
Stretch tight muscle and strengthen antagonist
Stop activity 2-4 weeks
Remove inflammation
43
Uric acid changes
Knee and great toe of foot
Med: allopurinol
What patho?
Gout
44
What is psoriatic arthritis?
What meds is used?
Skin lesion w/ silvery scales
RA of hands
Med- DMARDs
45
Decalcification of bones as result of a vitamin D deficiency?
Osteomalacia
46
What med is used for osteomalacia?
Vitamin D ( to process calcium)
47
Inflammatory response within bone caused by infection? Cause by staphlyococcus aureus
Osteomyelitis
48
What is osetochondritis dissecans?
Separation of articular cartilage from underlying bone
49
Trigger point (knots)
Soft tissue/massage
Vaso Spray and stretch
Myofascial pain syndrome
50
Inflammation in muscle and irregular bone forming
-calcification within muscle belly
-direct trauma
What patho?
Myositis ossificans
51
What is non-structural scoliosis?
Lateral only
52
What is structural scoliosis?
Lateral bend + rotation of vertebrae
53
Name side by convexity for scoliosis.
If curve is left sided which side is convex and which is concave?
Convex on L
Concave is right
54
What is name for L and R side scoliosis?
Left- levoscoliosis
R- dextroscoliosis
55
If curve is bent to Left is it weak or tight? Long or short?
Weak and long
56
If curve is bent to L side is the opposite side long or short? Weak or tight?
Opposite side is short and tight
57
What is the cause of TMD? (Temporal mandibular Dysfunction)
Forward flex head
Postural issues
Grinding teeth
Chewing on hard items
RA/OA
Trigger points
58
What is initial treatment for TMJ?
Education and phonophoresis
59
What is treatment for TMD?
Postural re education, education on soft foods
Joint mobs, night splints
60
What is TMD?
Dysfunction of temporal mandibular joint
61
What is torticollis?
Side bending toward affected SCM
Rotation away affected SCM
62
What is treatment for torticollis?
Stretching involved SCM into opposite position
Strengthen opposite SCM
PNF technique
63
What is SLAP lesion?
MVA
FOOSH falling forward
Labrum
64
What is bankhart?
Overhead activity, FOOSH falling backward
65
What is Hill Sachs?
Caused by impact against the glenoid rim
Shoulder dislocation
66
What is a bankhart lesion injury?
Anterior inferior dislocation
67
What is thoracic outlet syndrome?
Neuropraxia
Pinch injury to the brachial plexus
68
What is the locations for thoracic outlet syndrome? What are places the brachial plexus pinches?
Scalene triangle
Clavicle and 1st rib
Pec minor and the rib cage
69
What is the s/s of thoracic outlet syndrome?
Tingling
Numbness
Weakness
( whole arm)
70
What is tx for thoracic outlet syndrome?
Stretch what tight strengthen what is opposite to tight
71
What patho is known as the piano key deformity?
Acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joint disorder
72
What should you avoid with acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joint disorder?
Avoid shoulder elevation during acute phase of healing
73
What is bicipital tendinitis?
Inflammation of long head of biceps
74
Fall onto outstretch UE?
Proximal humeral fracture
75
What is adhesive capsulitis? Biggest limitation?
What is it more associated with?
Restriction in shoulder
ER
Diabetes mellitus
76
What tendon is associated with lateral and medial epicondylitis?
Lateral- extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB)
Medial- flexor carpi radialis (FCR)
77
What is another name for lateral and medial epicondylitis?
Lateral- tennis elbow
Medial- golfers elbow
78
What causes lateral epicondylitis?
Repetitive wrist extension or strong grip w/ wrist extended
79
What causes medial epicondylitis?
Sports such as baseball pitching, golf
String hand grip and excessive pronation of forearm
80
What nerve is associated with cubital tunnel?
Ulnar
81
What nerve is associated with/ carpal tunnel?
Median
82
What causes median nerve entrapment?
Flexor digitorum superficialis w/ repetitive activities
83
What nerve is associated with radial tunnel?
Radial nerve
84
What cause radial nerve entrapment?
Overhead activities and throwing
ABD pollicis longus
85
What is S/s with DeQuervains Tenosynovitis?
Pain at snuffbox
Sweeping
Decreased grip and pinch strength
86
What is DeQuervains Tenosynovitis?
Inflammation extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicus longus tendons
87
What patho is repetitive microtrauma or swelling during pregnancy?
DeQuervains Tenosynovitis
88
What muscles are associated with dorsal compartment 1?
Abductor pollicus longus (APL)
Extensor pollicus brevis ( EPB)
89
What muscle is associated with dorsal compartment 3?
Extensor pollicus longus (EPL)
90
What is names of popes blessing?
Dupuytrens contracture
91
What is ape hand and what nerve?
Wasting of 1st digit
Median nerve
92
What is mallet finger?
Avulsion of extensor tendon
Flexion in DIP
93
Ulnar collateral ligament
Immobilized for 6 weeks
What patho?
Gamekeepers thumb
94
What is boxers fracture? How long casted?
5th metacarpal
Casted for 2-4 weeks
95
What is panners disease?
Osteochondrosis of humeral capitellum
96
Iliotibial band (ITB)
Common w/ RA
Trochanteric bursitis
97
What is obers test used for?
ITB tightness
98
Impaired blood supply to femoral head before age 40
Leads to THA
Avascular necrosis
Osteonecrosis
99
What ROM is decreased with avascular necrosis?
Hip rom decreased in flexion, IR, and ABD
100
What is piriformis syndrome?
ER of hip excessive pronation of foot
Compression of sciatic nerve
101
What position are the toes with femoral anteversion and retroversion?
Toe in- anteversion
Toe out- retroversion
102
What is Q angle for male and female?
Male- 13 degrees
Female- 19 degrees
103
How many degrees is coxa vara and Valga?
<120 degrees = coxa vara
>135 degrees= coxa valga
104
What is Osgood Schlatter (jumpers knee)?
Traction inflammation or stress injury of tibial tubercle @ patellar tendon insertion
105
What is pes Anerine bursitis?
Overuse or contusion
S.G.S
Sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus
106
Entrapment of posterior tibial nerve
Excessive pronation coxa valga
What patho?
Tarsal tunnel syndrome
107
Coxa varus=
Coxa vagus=
= what at the knee?
Coxa varus=genu valgus
Coxa valgus= genu varus
108
What happens if someone has an increase or decrease in Q angle?
Increase= knock knee
Decrease= bow legs
109
What is flat foot? And what is another name?
Reduction in height of medial longitudinal arch
Pes planus
110
What is hollow foot? And another name?
Pes cavus
Planterflexion
Claw toes non ambulatory
111
What is equinus?
CP
Contracture of gastric& or soleus muscle
Trauma
PF foot
112
What is the name for bunion? And what is it? What is normal degrees?
Hallux vagus
Excessive pronation, ligamentous laxity, heredity, weak muscles and footwear that is to tight
8-20- normal
113
Atrophy that affects motor and sensory nerves
Initially lower leg and foot progresses to muscle of hands and forearm
What patho?
Charcot-Marie-tooth disease
114
What is tight with plantar fasciitis and what is it?
Gastroc
Excessive pronation
115
What is the primary sites with metastatic bone cancer?
Prostate, thyroid, breast, lung, kidney
P T Barnum Loves Kids
116
Varus=
Valgus=
In forefoot and rearfoot deformities?
Varus=inversion
Valgus=eversion
117
What is spondylolysis? What should you avoid with spondylolysis? What is tx?
Fx of facet joints
Hyperextension
Strengthen core
118
What is spondylolisthesis? And what should you avoid? What is tx?
Anterior slip of inferior vertebra after fx facet joint
Hyperextension
Strengthen core
119
What is spinal stenosis? What should you avoid? What is the tx?
Narrowing of the foramina of the vertebrae ( calcium buildup)
Prolonged position= pain
Functional activity
120
What is the best position with spinal stenosis?
Flexed positions decrease pain
Extended positions increase pain numbness, tingling , tightness and cramping
121
How does a disc bulge happen?
Posterior/lateral
122
What is the tx for disc bulge/ nerve root?
McKenzie ext ex’s
123
When does pain increase with disc bulge? And what helps pain?
W/ WB shooting, burning or stabbing
Semi Fowler= no pain
124
What is DJD? What should you avoid? And tx?
Wear and tear
Avoid- repetitive bending
Functional ex’s
125
What is ankylosing spondylitis? What is needed? TX?
Autoimmune creates flexion contracture of thoracic vertebrae “hunchback”
Postural extension needed
Ext bias ex- prone on elbows/hands
126
What is facet joint dysfunction? What is tx?
Arthritic conditions within facet joint
Functional mobility and independence
127
What condition with respective bending causes pain/ stiffness upon rising but eases in mornings (4-5 hours)?
DJD
128
What condition is pain and stiffness upon rising but eases within hour and stationary positions increase symptoms?
Facet joint dysfunction
129
What digits is contracted with diabetes in dupuytrens contracture?
3rd and 4th digits
130
With dupuytrens contracture what digits is contracted non diabetic?
4th and 5th digits
131
What should you do during the acute phase?
PRICE
Modalities
Pain free ROM
Education
HEP
No added pain
132
What to do during the early subacute phase?
Submax. <5Ibs
ROM- 80-90%
Muscle endurance
133
What to do during late subacute phase?
Max ex >5Ibs
Strengthening- 80-90%
Muscle balance ( L side vs R side, antagonist vs agonist)
