Musculoskelatal System Flashcards by Enrique Castro

junction of two or more bones

joint

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

stabilize the bones and allow a
specific type of movement

joint

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

2 types of Joint

NONSYNOVIAL
SYNOVIAL

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Identify the type of joint
* bones are connected by fibrous tissue, or cartilage
* may be immovable

NONSYNOVIAL

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Identify the type of joint
* move freely
* the bones are separate from each
other and meet in a cavity filled with
synovial fluid (lubricant)

SYNOVIAL

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

They contract and produce skeletal
movement when they receive a stimulus from the central nervous system (CNS) → both involuntary and voluntary muscle function.

Skeletal muscles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

tough fibrous portions of muscle that attach the muscles to bone.

Tendons

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

sacs filled with friction-reducing synovial
fluid
they’re located in areas of high
friction such as the knee.
allow adjacent muscles or muscles and
tendons to glide smoothly over each
other during movement.

Bursae

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Types of Joint Movement
- Moves forward

Protraction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Types of Joint Movement
- Moving backward

Retraction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Types of Joint Movement
- Bending
- decreasing joint angle

Flexion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Types of Joint Movement
- Straightening
- increasing the joint angle

Extension

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Types of Joint Movement
- moving in a circular motion

Circumduction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Types of Joint Movement
- moving away from the midline

Abduction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Types of Joint Movement
- Moving toward the midline

Adduction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Types of Joint Movement
- Turning toward the midline

Internal Rotation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Types of Joint Movement
- Turning away from the midline

External Rotation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Types of Joint Movement
- Turning downward

Pronation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Types of Joint Movement
- Turning upward

Supination

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Types of Joint Movement
-Turning outward

Eversion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Types of Joint Movement
- Turning inward

Inversion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Nurse initiates movement of patients body to asses range of motion

Passive range of motion exercises

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

usual ROM of lateral bending of neck

40 degrees

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ROM of neck when Flexing forward and extending backward respectively

45 degrees and 55 degrees

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Normal rotation of head

70 degrees

ROM of abduction of shoulder

180 degrees

ROM of adduction of shoulder

50 degrees

Flexion ROM of shoulder

180

Extension ROM of shoulder

30 - 50 degrees

ROM of external and internal rotation of the shoulder

90 degrees

ROM of Elbow flexion and extention

90 degrees

ROM of Elbow Pronation and Supination

90 degrees

ROM of wrist: Ulnar deviation or laterally

55 degrees

ROM of wrist: Radial Deviation or medially

20 degrees

Wrist hyperextension ROM

70 degrees

Wrist Flexion ROM

90 degrees

Tests for carpal tunnel syndrome

- Tinel's sign - Phalen's Maneuver

Identify which test for carpal tunnel syndrome is being described - done by lightly percussing transverse carpal ligament over median nerve where palm and wrist meet - positive when action produces numbness and tingling into palm and finger

Tinel's Sign

Identify which test for carpal tunnel syndrome is being described - have patient's back of hands together and flex downwards at 90 degree angle - if pain and numbness present then its positive

Phalen's maneuver

ROM of Finger extention

30 degrees

ROM of finger flexion

90 degrees

ROM of finger abduction and adduction

20 degrees

Knees pointing out and patients leg is bowlegged

Genu Varum

Patients have knocked knees with knees that turn in

Genu Valgum

ROM of hip flexion

120 degrees

ROM of hip extension

30 degrees

ROM of hip internal rotation

40 degrees

ROM of hip external rotation

45 degrees

ROM of hip abduction

45 degrees

ROM of hip adduction

30 degrees

ROM of knee flexion

120 - 130 degrees

ROM of hyperextending knee

15 degrees

This sign indicates excess fluid in the joint

Bulge sign

ROM of plantar flexion

45 degrees

ROM of dorsiflexion

20 degrees

ROM of inversion of ankle

30 degrees

ROM for eversion of ankle

20 degrees

Grading of Muscle Strength

5/5 - Full ROM against gravity and resistance 4/5 - Completes ROM against gravity with moderate resistance 3/5 - ROM completed against gravity only 2/5 - Full ROM with gravity eliminated (Passive motion) 1/5 - Patients attempt at muscle contraction palpable with no joint movement 0/5 - No evidence of muscle contraction

Common Musculoskeletal Abnormalities - plantar flexion of foot with toes bent toward instep - its results from weakness or paralysis of dorsiflexor muscle - may stem from prolonged immobility

Foot Drop

Common Musculoskeletal Abnormalities - strong painful muscle contractions - commonly occur on the calf - result from simple muscle fatigue, exercise, electrolyte imbalance, neuromuscular disorders, and pregnancy

Muscle Spasms

Common Musculoskeletal Abnormalities - aka muscle wasting - results from denervation or prolonged muscle disuse - also results from aging

Muscle Atrophy

Common Musculoskeletal Abnormalities - abnormal crunching or grating heard and felt on the joint - occurs for patients with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis - occurs when patients broken pieces of bones rub together

Crepitus

Common Musculoskeletal Abnormalities - result from malfunction in cerebral hemispheres, brain stem, spinal cord, nerve roots, peripheral nerves, or myoneural junctions within muscle

Muscle Weakness

5 P's of musculoskeletal injury

Pain Paresthesia Paralysis Pallor Pulse

5 P's of Classic Signs of Compartment Syndrome

Pain Pallor Paresthesias Paralysis Pulselessness

Theses nodes are typically seen in patients with osteoarthritis

Heberden's and Bouchard's Nodes

its a chronic systemic inflammatory immune disorder commonly affecting bilateral joints of fingers, wrists, elbows, knees, or ankles as well as surrounding muscle, tendons, ligaments, and blood vessels

Rheumatoid Arthritis

It is a metabolic disorder where uric acid deposits in the joints causing joints to become painful, arthritic, red, and swollen. Skin temperature may be elevated due to irritation and inflammation

Gout

A round enlarged fluid filled cyst commonly found on dorsal side of wrist. It may be nontender when it develops near a tender sheath. May be painful and may limit joint mobility

Ganglion

A group of congenital disorders characterized by progressive symmetrical wasting of skeletal muscles without neural or sensory defects

Muscular Dystrophy

its when the patient is unable to lift their trunk without using hands and arms to brace and push. it indicates pelvic muscle weakness

Gower's sign

Musculoskelatal System Flashcards

(71 cards)