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Health Assessment > Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

Inspect joints for ? (4)

A

Size, contour, color, swelling

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2
Q

Swelling of the joints indicate ___ or ___

A

Joint irritation; effusion

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3
Q

Excess joint fluid

A

Effusion

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4
Q

An enhanced thoracic curve indicates __, and is more common in elderly people

A

Kyphosis

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5
Q

A pronounced lumbar curve; more common in obese people

A

Lordosis

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6
Q

When inspecting body alignment, check symmetry of the ___, ___, ___, and ___

A

Shoulders, iliac crests, scapulae, and glute folds

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7
Q

Uncoordinated or unsteady gait

A

Ataxia

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8
Q

Patient actively moving their joints through all the planes of movements without assistance

A

Active ROM

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9
Q

Nurse moves patient’s joints through all plans of movement because patient is unable to do it themself

A

Passive ROM

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10
Q

Produces swelling and tenderness around the whole joint, limiting all planes of active and passive motion

Example?

A

Articular disease

Arthritis 

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11
Q

Produces swelling and tenderness in only one spot of the joint, affecting only certain planes of ROM

Example?

A

Extra-articular disease

Injury to a specific tendon, ligament, or nerve

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12
Q

Audible and palpable crunching that accompanies movement

A

Crepitation

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13
Q

Degree of tension in voluntarily relaxed muscles

A

Tone

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14
Q

Overreactive contraction, sustain contraction longer than needed, difficulty relaxing

A

Hypertonic

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15
Q

Cannot contract fully or sustained contraction

A

Hypotonia

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16
Q

How do you assess patient’s muscle TONE?

A

Supporting limb at the joint, have patient go limp, and move each extremity through a full ROM

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17
Q

Expected finding for patients muscle tone?

A

Mild, even resistance to movement

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18
Q

Decreased resistance is also known as ___

A

Flaccidity

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19
Q

Muscle strength grading scale

A

0-5

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20
Q

Grade 5 on the muscle strength scale

A

Full ROM against gravity and full resistance

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21
Q

Grade 4 on the muscle strength scale

A

Full ROM against gravity, some resistance

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22
Q

Grade 3 on the muscle strength scale

A

Full ROM with gravity

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23
Q

Grade 2 on the muscle strength scale

A

Full ROM with gravity eliminated (passive motion)

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24
Q

Grade 1 on the muscle strength scale

A

Slight contraction

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25
Grade 0 on the muscle strength scale
No contraction
26
What do you use to measure someone’s joints in degrees?
Goniometer
27
Shoulder joint movements (7)
Flexion, extension, hyperextension, internal rotation, external rotation, abduction, adduction
28
Forward flexion of shoulder joint is ___ degrees What are you doing?
180 Raising hands straight forward and up
29
Extension of shoulder joint is __ degrees What are you doing?
0 Hands at sides
30
Hyperextension of shoulder joint is __ degrees What are you doing?
50 Hands behind back, elbows extended
31
Internal rotation of shoulder joint is __ degrees What are you doing?
90 Hands behind back; put belt on in back, wash back, zip up dress in back
32
External rotation of shoulder joint is __ degrees What are you doing?
90 Touching hands to back of head; brushing or washing hair
33
Abduction of shoulder joint is __ degrees Example?
180 Sweeping hands from sides to above head
34
Adduction of shoulder joint is __ degrees Example?
50 Sweep arms across front of body Seatbelt, tying shoe on opposite foot
35
Joint movements of the elbow (4)
Flexion, extension, pronation, supination
36
Flexion of the elbow is __ degrees Example?
150-160 Bending arm at the elbow; bringing something to your face to smell it
37
Extension of the elbow is ___ degrees What are you doing?
0 Straightening arm at the elbow
38
Pronation of the elbow is ___ degrees What are you doing?
90 Touching palm of hand to table or lap
39
Supination of the elbow is ___ degrees Example?
90 Touching back of hand to table
40
Joint movements of the wrist (4)
Hyperextension, palmar flexion, ulnar deviation, radial deviation
41
Hyperextension of the wrist is ___ degrees Example?
70 Bending hand up at the wrist
42
Palmar flexion of the wrist is ___ degrees Example?
90 Bending hand down at the wrist
43
Ulnar deviation of the wrist is __ degrees What are you doing?
50-60 With palms facedown, turning hand outward towards pinky
44
Radial deviation of the wrist is __ degrees What are you doing?
20 With palms facedown, turning hand inward towards thumb
45
Joint movements of the hand (3)
Flexion, hyperextension, abduction
46
Flexion of the hand is __ degrees What are you doing?
90 Bending fingers down at the metacarpophalangeal joints
47
Hyperextension of the hand is __ degrees What are you doing?
30 Bending fingers up at the metacarpophalangeal joints
48
Abduction of the hand is __ degrees What are you doing?
20 Spreading fingers apart
49
Joint movements of the hip (7)
Flexion with bent knee, flexion with extended knee, internal rotation, external rotation, abduction, addiction, hyperextension
50
Flexion of hip with knee bent is __ degrees
120
51
Flexion of hip with extended knee is __ degrees
90
52
Internal rotation of hip is __ degrees What are you doing?
40 Flexing knee and hip to 90°, swing foot outward
53
External rotation of the hip is ___ degrees What are you doing?
45 Flexing knee and hip at 90°, swing foot inward
54
Abduction of the hip is __ degrees What are you doing?
40-45 Swinging leg out with straight knee
55
Adduction of the hip is __ degrees What are you doing?
20-30 Bringing leg back to midline with a straight knee
56
Hyper extension of the hip is __ degrees What are you doing?
15 When standing, bring leg straight back behind body
57
Joint movements of the knee (3)
Flexion, extension, hyperextension
58
Flexion of the knee is __ degrees
130
59
Extension of the knee is __ degrees
0
60
Hyperextension of the knee is __ degrees
15
61
Joint movements of the ankle (4)
Plantar flexion, dorsiflexion, eversion, inversion
62
Plantar flexion of the ankle is __ degrees What are you doing?
45 Pointing toes toward the floor
63
Dorsiflexion of the ankle is __ degrees What are you doing?
20 Pointing toes toward nose
64
Eversion of the ankle is __ degrees What are you doing?
20 Turning soles of feet outwards
65
Inversion of the ankle is __ degrees What are you doing?
30 Turning soles of feet inward
66
Standing behind patient inspecting for symmetry checks for their ___
Body alignment
67
Where do you inspect for symmetry for patient’s body alignment? (4)
Shoulders, scapula, iliac crest, and gluteal folds
68
Patient may have __ with extreme thoracic curve; common in elderly
Kyphosis
69
Patient may have ___ with a pronounced a lumbar curve; common in obese people
Lordosis
70
Forward flexion of the spine is __ degrees
90
71
Extension of the spine is __ degrees
30
72
A difference in shoulder elevation and level of scapular and iliac crest occurs with ___ 
Scoliosis
73
How to inspect for scoliosis (5 steps)
Sit behind patient. For girls, have them pull their hair away. Inspect shoulders and iliac crest for symmetry. Then, have patient lean forward to inspect spine. Use scoliometer to check spine for straightness
74
Thoracic and lumbar spines must be ___
Straight
75
If thoracic and lumbar spines are not straight, this may indicate ___ 
Scoliosis

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