Neurological

Question 1

Cerebral cortex lobes (4)

Answer 1

Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

Question 2

Personality, behavior, emotions, intellectual functions

Answer 2

Frontal lobe

Question 3

Mediates motor speech

Answer 3

Broca’s aphasia

Question 4

What happens when the Broca’s aphasia is damaged?

Answer 4

Expressive aphasia results; person cannot talk

Question 5

When a person understands language and knows what they want to say, but can only produce a garbled sound

Answer 5

Expressive aphasia

Question 6

Center for sensation

Answer 6

Parietal lobe

Question 7

Visual reception

Answer 7

Occipital lobe

Question 8

Hearing, taste, smell, Wernicke’s aphasia

Answer 8

Temporal lobe

Question 9

Associated with language comprehension

Answer 9

Wernicke’s aphasia

Question 10

Person hears sound but it has no meaning, like hearing a foreign language

Answer 10

Receptive aphasia

Question 11

When Wernicke‘s aphasia is damaged ___ results

Answer 11

Receptive aphasia

Question 12

A coiled structure located under the occipital lobe

Answer 12

Cerebellum

Question 13

Function of cerebellum (3)

Answer 13

Motor coordination, equilibrium, balance

Question 14

T or F: the cerebellum does not initiate movement

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Inspect muscles for ? (4)

Answer 15

Size, symmetry, strength, tone

Question 16

Moving extremities through passive range of motion, supporting the joint tests muscles for __ 

Answer 16

Tone

Question 17

Expected finding for muscle tone

Answer 17

Mild, even resistance to movement

Question 18

Abnormally small muscle, occurs with disuse or injury

Answer 18

Atrophy

Question 19

Increase size and strength

Answer 19

Hypertrophy

Question 20

Weakness of the muscle

Answer 20

Paresis

Question 21

Absence of strength

Answer 21

Paralysis or plegia

Question 22

How to assess hand grasp test

Answer 22

Cross fingers and wrists, allow patient to squeeze with their hands 

Question 23

How to assess pedal push

Answer 23

Put palm of hand underneath bottom of patient’s foot, allow them to “step on the gas“

Question 24

Expected finding for hand grasp and pedal push tests?

Answer 24

Strength is equal bilaterally

Question 25

RAM

Answer 25

Rapid alternating movement. Ask patient to pat their knees simultaneously at an increasing speed

Question 26

Any imbalance in the cerebellar coordination tests may indicate

Answer 26

Cerebellar disease

Question 27

Name 4 tests that assess cerebellar’s function in coordination

Answer 27

RAM, finger-to-finger test, finger-nose-finger, heel-to-shin

Question 28

Touching the thumb to each finger on the same hand, starting with the index finger; then reverse direction

Answer 28

Finger-to-finger test

Question 29

With open eyes, pt must touch nurse’s moving finger, their nose, then nurse’s finger again

Answer 29

Finger-nose-finger test

Question 30

Patient must take their heel to their knee and run it down their shin without taking their foot off

Answer 30

Heel-to-shin test

Question 31

Name three tests that assess cerebellar function in balance

Answer 31

Romberg, tandem walking, shallow knee bend

Question 32

When patient stands up with feet together and arms at side for 20 seconds

Answer 32

Romberg test

Question 33

Expected finding for Romberg test

Answer 33

Balance and posture maintained with possible slight sway

Question 34

If patient loses balance during a Romberg test, that is a positive or negative test?

Answer 34

Positive

Question 35

For a positive Romburg test, patient may have ___ or ___

Answer 35

Cerebellar disease; loss of vestibular function

Question 36

Walking heel-to-toe in a straight line

Answer 36

Tandem walking

Question 37

Having patient go down and come back up on one leg, using their hand on table for balance

Answer 37

Shallow knee bend test

Question 38

Pain test and light touch test are ___ sensory pathways

Answer 38

Anterolateral (spinothalamic)

Question 39

Lightly applying a sharp or dull paper clip to a random part of the patient’s body. Two seconds between each stimulus Expected finding?

Answer 39

Pain test Patient should be able to identify between dull and sharp on both sides of their body

Question 40

Decreased pain sensation

Answer 40

Hypoalgesia 

Question 41

Increased pain sensation

Answer 41

Hyperalgesia

Question 42

Absent pain sensation

Answer 42

Analgesia

Question 43

Lightly touching cotton ball to patient and having them say “now” when they feel it Expected finding?

Answer 43

Light touch test Patient is able to identify the light touch and its location

Question 44

Decreased touch sensation

Answer 44

Hypothesia

Question 45

Increased touch sensation

Answer 45

Hyperesthesia

Question 46

Absent touch sensation

Answer 46

Anesthesia

Question 47

Three tests that assess posterior dorsal sensory pathways

Answer 47

Vibration, kinesthesia, fine touch

Question 48

Four types of fine touch tests

Answer 48

Stereognosis, graphesthesia, extinction, point location

Question 49

Holding the base of a vibrating tuning fork on a bony surface of patient’s hand or foot

Answer 49

Vibration test

Question 50

Expected finding of a vibration test

Answer 50

Patient can identify when vibration starts and stops

Question 51

If unable to feel vibrations, patient may have

Answer 51

Neuropathy; diabetes or alcoholism

Question 52

Peripheral neuropathy is worse at the ___, but improves when ?

Answer 52

Feet; move up the leg

Question 53

With patient’s eyes closed, move their toe/finger up or down. Hold the digit by the sides

Answer 53

Kinesthesia test

Question 54

Expected finding of kinesthesia test

Answer 54

Patient should be able to detect the movement of direction

Question 55

With patient’s eyes closed, give them a familiar object to hold in one hand Expected finding?

Answer 55

Stereognosis test Patient identifies object

Question 56

If patient fails any fine touch tests, this may indicate lesions of the

Answer 56

Sensory cortex

Question 57

Tracing a number or letter in palm of patients hand Expected finding?

Answer 57

Graphesthesia test Patient identifies what you drew

Question 58

Simultaneously touch both sides of body and same position Expected finding?

Answer 58

Extinction test Patient identifies how many sensations were felt and where

Question 59

Touching patient’s skin and withdrawing the stimulus promptly Expected finding?

Answer 59

Point location test Patient identifies where you touched them

Question 60

Grading scale for reflexes

Answer 60

0-4

Question 61

Very brisk, large movement

Answer 61

4+ reflex scale

Question 62

3+ reflex grade

Answer 62

Brisker than average

Question 63

2+ reflex scale

Answer 63

Small movement, average, expected

Question 64

1+ reflex scale

Answer 64

Diminished, smallest movement

Question 65

0 reflex scale

Answer 65

No response

Question 66

Support patient’s forearm on yours, placed them on patient’s bicep tendon and strike a blow on your thumb Expected finding?

Answer 66

Biceps tendon Contraction of bicep muscle and flexion of forearm

Question 67

Hold patient’s upper arm, strike tendon just above elbow Expected finding?

Answer 67

Tricep reflex Extension of forearm

Question 68

Hold patient’s thumbs to suspend forearms, strike forearm 2 - 3cm above radial process Expected finding?

Answer 68

Brachioradialis reflex Flexion and supination of forearm

Question 69

Legs dangling freely and knees flexed, strike tendon Expected finding?

Answer 69

Quadriceps reflex Extension of lower leg

Question 70

Hold patient’s foot in dorsiflexion, strike Achilles tendon Expected finding?

Answer 70

Achilles reflex Foot plantar should flex against my hand

Question 71

Glasgow coma scale tells us if our patient is ___ Expected finding for total?

Answer 71

Oriented x3 15 points

Question 72

Glasgow coma scale eye-opening grades

Answer 72

4: spontaneous eye-opening 3: Eye-opening to speech 2: Eyes opening in response to pain 1: no response

Question 73

Glasgow coma scale motor response grades Unexpected grades?

Answer 73

6: obeys verbal commands 5: patient points to pain 4: patient withdraws from pain 3: patients hands flexed to chest 2: patients hands extended outwards 1: no response 3-1

Question 74

Glasgow coma scale verbal response grades

Answer 74

5: patient answers question correctly 4: Patient answers incorrectly 3: Patient answer is inappropriate or off-topic 2: patient answer is incomprehensible 1: no response

Question 75

Brush infants check in your mouth, infant turns head in the same direction an open mouth

Answer 75

Rooting

Question 76

When lips are touched, infant has __ reflex

Answer 76

Sucking