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Assessment Exam 2 > Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

What is rheumatoid arthritis

A

Chronic inflammatory condition

Joint involvement is symmetric and bilateral

Signs and symptoms include: redness, swelling, heat, pain

Limited ROM

Deformities

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2
Q

What is osteoarthritis

A

Non inflammatory condition, involving deterioration of cartilage and joints

Joint involvement is often asymmetric or unilateral (due to overuse or overweight)

Signs and symptoms include:

Stiffness, swelling, pain with movement

Limited ROM

bony nodules

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3
Q

What is active range of motion?

A

When you model the movement for the patient and they can repeat it

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4
Q

What is passive range of motion

A

If active ROM is limited, support the weight of the limb as you move it through the expected ROM

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5
Q

What is scoliosis

A

Abnormal rotation and lateral curvature of the spine in the thoracic and lumbar regions

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6
Q

Difference between functional scoliosis and structural scoliosis?

A

Functional scoliosis disappears when bending forward

Structural scoliosis is more severe and fixed

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7
Q

What should you note when assessing for structural scoliosis?

A

Note rib hump when bending forward

Note uneven shoulders, scapula, and hips

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8
Q

What are fibrous joints?

A

The bones are connected by fibrous tissue or cartilage and are immovable, such as the bones of the skull

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9
Q

What are cartilaginous joints

A

The bones are separated by fibrocartilaginous discs and move only slightly, such as the vertebrae

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10
Q

What are synovial joints

A

The bones are freely moveable and they are enclosed in a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid that lubricates the movement of the joint. Examples would be the knees and shoulders

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11
Q

What is bursae

A

Enclosed sac filled with synovial fluid and are positioned between bones and soft tissues, acting as cushions to help reduce friction.

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12
Q

What is a ligament

A

Fibrous band connecting bone to bone

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13
Q

What is a tendon

A

A strong fibrous cord that connects muscle to bone

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14
Q

What is a temporomandibular joint

A

This hinge joint permit speaking and chewing

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15
Q

How do you measure muscle strength

A

On a scale from 0 to 5

0- no contraction- 0% normal- zero

1- slight contraction- 10% normal- trace

2- full ROM with gravity eliminated (passive)- 25%- poor

3- full ROM with gravity- 50%- fair

4- full ROM against gravity, some resistance- 75% normal- good

5- full ROM against gravity, full resistance- 100%- normal

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16
Q

Flexion

A

Bending a limb at a joint

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17
Q

Extension

A

Straightening a limb at a joint

18
Q

Abduction

A

Moving a limb away from the midline of the body

19
Q

Adduction

A

Moving a limb towards the midline of the body

20
Q

Pronation

A

Turning the forearm so the palm is down

21
Q

Supination

A

Turning the forearm so the palm is up

22
Q

Circumduction

A

Moving the arm in a circle around the shoulder

23
Q

Inversion

A

Moving the sole of the foot inward at the ankle

24
Q

Eversion

A

Moving the sole of the foot outward at the ankle

25
Q

Rotation

A

Moving the head around a central axis

26
Q

Protraction

A

Moving a body part forward and parallel to the ground

27
Q

Retraction

A

Moving a body part backwards and parallel to the ground

28
Q

Elevation

A

Raising a body part

29
Q

Depression

A

Lowering a body part

30
Q

What is carpal tunnel

A

Pain, along thumb, index finger, and middle finger and atrophy occur from interference with motor function from compression of the median nerve inside the carpal tunnel.

31
Q

What is carpal tunnel caused by?

A

Caused by chronic repetitive motion, occurs between 40 and 60 years, and is more common in women

32
Q

What are the symptoms of carpal tunnel?

A

Pain, nighttime pain, burning and numbness, positive findings on phalen test, positive Tinel sign

33
Q

What is the Tinel sign

A

Direct percussion of the location of the median nerve at rest produces no symptoms in the normal hand

34
Q

What is a positive Tinel sign

A

And carpal tunnel syndrome, percussion of the median nerve produces burning and tingling along its distribution, which is a positive tinel sign

35
Q

What is the phalen test

A

Ask the person to hold both hands back to back while flexing the wrist 90°. Acute flexion of the wrist for 60 seconds produces no symptoms in the normal hand.

36
Q

What are four sign to suggest acute inflammation in a joint

A

Swelling, heat, redness, pain/tenderness

37
Q

What is the complete loss of contact between the two bones in a joint?

A

Dislocation

38
Q

What are six things to inspect on a joint?

A

Contour

Color

Swelling

Masses

Deformities

39
Q

What is functional scoliosis?

A

Flexible

Apparent with standing and disappears with forward bending

40
Q

What is structural scoliosis?

A

Fixed

Curvature shows when standing and bending forward

Assessment Exam 2 (7 decks)

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