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Assessment Exam 2 > Skin Hair Nails > Flashcards

Skin Hair Nails Flashcards

1
Q

What are the stages for pressure ulcers

A

Stage 1- Non blanchable erythema

Stage 2- Partial thickness skin loss

Stage 3- Full thickness skin loss

Stage 4- Full thickness skin / tissue lost

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2
Q

What is deep tissue pressure injury (DTPI)

A

Localized, non blanchable colour changes to deep red, maroon, purple in intact or non intact skin

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3
Q

Some causes for pressure ulcers

A

Impaired/decreased mobility and/or functional ability

Impaired blood flow

Cognitive impairment

Incontinence of bowel or bladder

History of ulcers

Malnutrition

Decreased fluid intake

Co morbid conditions like diabetes, coronary disease, renal disease, paralysis

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4
Q

What is the Braden scale?

A

Predicting the likeliness of developing a pressure ulcer

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5
Q

What is basal cell carcinoma

A

Usually starts as small, pink or red papule with pearly translucent top.

Rounded pearly borders with central ulcer (looks like large open pore with central yellowing)

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6
Q

What is squamous cell carcinoma

A

Erythematous scaly patch with sharp margins, 1cm or more

Central ulcer and surrounding erythema

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7
Q

What is malignant melanoma

A

May rise from preexisting nevus or de novo

Usually brown, can be tan, black, pinked, purple, or mixed pigmentation

Often irregular or notched borders

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8
Q

What is the ABCDEF rule?

A

To detect suspicious lesions

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9
Q

What do the letters mean in the ABCDEF rule?

A

A- asymmetry
B- border irregularities
C- colour variation
D- diameter greater than 6 mm
E- elevation or evolution
F- funny looking, different from others

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10
Q

What is annular or circular

A

Begins in center and spreads to periphery

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11
Q

What is confluent

A

Lesions run together

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12
Q

What is discrete

A

Distinct and separate

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13
Q

What is grouped

A

Cluster of lesions

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14
Q

What is gyrate

A

Twisted, coiled, or snakelike

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15
Q

What is target or iris

A

Concentric rings of colour in lesions

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16
Q

What is linear?

A

Scratch, streak, line or stripe

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17
Q

What is polycyclic

A

Annular lesions grow together

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18
Q

What is zosteriform

A

Linear arrangement following a unilateral nerve route

Ex. Shingles

19
Q

What is macule

A

Solely a colour change

Flat and circumscribed, less that 1 cm

Like freckles, measles, scarlet fever

20
Q

What is patch

A

Solely a colour change

Macules that are larger that 1 cm

Vitiligo, cafe au lait spot

21
Q

What is a papule

A

superficial thickening of the epidermis

Ex. A mole or wart

22
Q

What is a plaque

A

Papules coalescing to form surface elevation wider than 1 cm

Ex. Psoriasis

23
Q

What is a nodule

A

Solid, elevated, hard or soft, greater than 1 cm that may extend deeper into dermis than papule

24
Q

What is a tumour

A

Larger in diameter, firm or soft, deeper into dermis, may be benign or malignant

25
Q

What is a wheal

A

Superficial, raised, transient and erythematous, irregular in shape due to edema

Ex. Mosquito bite

26
Q

What is urticaria

A

Wheals coalesce to form extensive pruritic reaction

(Hives)

27
Q

What are vesicles

A

Elevated cavity containing fluid.. up to 1 cm

Ex. Herpes, varicella

28
Q

What are bullas

A

Larger than 1 cm, usually single chamber, superficial in dermis and ruptures easily

Ex. Burns, blisters

29
Q

What are cysts

A

Encapsulated fluid filled cavity in the dermis or subcutaneous layer, tensely elevating skin

30
Q

What is a pustule

A

Pus in cavity that is circumscribed and elevated

Ex. Acne

31
Q

What is crust

A

Thickened dried out exudate

Ex. Scabs

32
Q

What is scale

A

Compact flakes of desiccated skin from shedding of dead excess keratin cells

Ex. Psoriasis

33
Q

What are fissures

A

Linear creek with abrupt edges: dry or moist

Ex. Athletes foot

34
Q

What is erosion

A

Scooped out, but shallow depression

Superficial: epidermis lost, moist but no bleeding, heals without a scar because erosion does not extend into dermis

35
Q

What is excoriation

A

Self-inflicted abrasion; sometimes crusted; scratches from intense itching

Example: insect bites, scabies

36
Q

What are scars

A

Permanent fibrotic change after healing

37
Q

What are atrophic scars

A

Resulting skin level is depressed with loss of tissue and thinning

38
Q

What are keloids

A

Benign excess of scar tissue beyond original injury

39
Q

Pallor

A

White: they look more white

Coloured: Absence of luster. Brown people will look yellow, and black people will look ashen. Look for pallor in nail beds and lips

40
Q

Erythema

A

White: red

Coloured: feel for warmth

41
Q

Cyanosis

A

White: blue

Coloured: look for LOC and signs of respiratory distress

42
Q

Jaundice

A

White: yellow

Coloured: check for jaundice in eyes, gums and inner lips

43
Q

What is linea nigra

A

A dark line of skin down the middle of your abdomen due to hormone changes during pregnancy

Assessment Exam 2 (7 decks)

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