musculoskeletal Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is the function of a hydrostatic skeleton?
Provides resistance for contraction of muscles to act against, supports form.
What is an exoskeleton?
An external skeleton.
What are the primary components of exoskeletons in mollusks and anthropods?
- Mollusks - composed of calcium carbonate
- Anthropods - composed of chitin.
What is an endoskeleton?
An internal skeleton.
Which organisms possess endoskeletons?
- Echinoderms
- Vertebrates.
What are the key functions of the human skeletal system?
- Stores calcium and phosphate ions
- Provides resistive foundations for muscles
- Some bones make red blood cells
- Permits movement and locomotion.
What is endochondral ossification?
Process where ends of bones are ossified with calcium to make them strong.
What role do osteoblasts play in bone growth?
Bone specific cells for bone growth maturity.
What do osteoclasts do?
- Heal broken bones
- Break down bones
- Remove worn cells
- Deposit calcium in blood.
What is the structure of a long bone?
Main shank of a bone with spongy bone at ends.
What is compact bone made of?
Concentric lamellae arranged around a central canal, forming units called osteons.
What is the axial skeleton?
The midline of the body, consisting of the skull, vertebral column, sternum, and ribs.
What are the components of the skull?
- Cranium
- Facial bones.
What is the purpose of the vertebral column?
Supports head and trunk, protects spinal cord and roots of spinal nerves.
How many true ribs do humans have?
7 true ribs.
What is the pelvic girdle’s function?
Supports hips and legs.
What are the classifications of joints?
- Fibrous joints - immovable
- Cartilaginous joints - slightly movable
- Synovial joints - movable.
What is a key characteristic of skeletal muscles?
Attached to skeleton by tendon-like fibrous connective tissue.
What does muscle tone refer to?
Minimal contraction; muscle at rest.
What are myofibrils?
Contractile structures in sarcoplasm.
What is the sliding filament model?
Describes how actin and myosin filaments interact during muscle contraction.
What is the neuromuscular junction?
Synaptic contact between nerve and muscle fibers.
Fill in the blank: The _______ is where the spine connects to the brain.
foramen magnum.
True or False: Osteocytes are immature bone cells.
False.
