Musculoskeletal

Question 1

What bones contribute to length and height?

Answer 1

Long bones (Femur and tibia)

Question 2

Which bones, when combined with ligaments, permit movement of the extremities

Answer 2

Short bones

Question 3

What are the flat bones

Answer 3

Bones in skull and ribs

Question 4

Where are the irregular bones

Answer 4

vertebral column, skull bones, mandible

Question 5

Increase tension, but don’t produce movement. Repetitions make muscles grow larger and stronger.

Answer 5

Isometric Contractions

Question 6

Shorten a muscle to produce movement

Answer 6

Isotonic contractions

Question 7

When calcium is low _______ can occur (involuntary skeletal muscle contractions)

Answer 7

Tetany

Question 8

Direct source of energy for muscle contractions is ______.

Answer 8

ATP!!!!!

Question 9

Organic material in bones _____.

Answer 9

Collagen

Question 10

Inorganic material in bones

Answer 10

Calcium and phophate

Question 11

__________ assist in bone remodeling by assisting in breakdown of bone tissue.

Answer 11

Osteoclasts

Question 12

Most common joint in the body is ______

Answer 12

Diarthrodial (synovial) joint

Question 13

Attach muscle to bone

Answer 13

Tendon

Question 14

Attach bone to bone

Answer 14

Ligaments

Question 15

Ligaments and tendons have _____ blood supply

Answer 15

Poor

Question 16

What are the three types of cartilage

Answer 16

Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrous

Question 17

Superficial Fascia lies ______.

Answer 17

Immediately under the skin

Question 18

Fascia provides _____ to muscle tissues

Answer 18

Strength

Question 19

Muscle tone in newborns is _____

Answer 19

Rigid

Question 20

Anterior Fontanel encloses at ______ months

Answer 20

12-18

Question 21

Posterior Fontanel encloses at ______ months

Answer 21

2-3

Question 22

By_____ months infants have no head lag

Answer 22

4

Question 23

Decreased bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue which makes the bones fragile

Answer 23

Osteoporosis

Question 24

Low bone mass of the hip, putting someone at risk for osteoporosis

Answer 24

Osteopenia

Question 25

____ is a main function that determines a person's independence

Answer 25

Mobility

Question 26

True or False, Falls are a normal part of aging

Answer 26

FALSE!!

Question 27

Prolonged immobility in infants, toddlers, and preschoolers leads to :

Answer 27

delayed gross motor skills, delayed intellectual development, delayed musculoskeletal development

Question 28

Immobility in adolescents children leads to :

Answer 28

Delay in gaining independence, delay in accomplishing skills, social isolation

Question 29

Immobility in adults leads to:

Answer 29

Physiological systems at risk, changes in family and social structure

Question 30

Immobility in elders leads to:

Answer 30

Decreased physical activity, hormonal changes, and bone reabsorption

Question 31

Immobile patients typically have an increased ____ due to a fever and wound healing

Answer 31

BMR

Question 32

Lack of movement can cause what respiratory issues?

Answer 32

Atelectasis )collapsed alveoli) Hypostatic pneumonia Decreased oxygenation Prolonged recovery

Question 33

What cardiac problems arise from lack of movement?

Answer 33

Orthostatic hypotension Increased cardiac workload Thrombus formation

Question 34

What integumentary issues arise with lack of movement.

Answer 34

Pressure ulcers

Question 35

What common problem of immobility occurs to the feet?

Answer 35

Foot drop

Question 36

Immobility causes urinary issues, what is the most common problem that occurs?

Answer 36

Urinary stasis, UTI

Question 37

What are the general rules to preventing injury?

Answer 37

Keep weight to be lifted as close to body as possible Bend at the knees Tighten abs and tuck pelvis in Maintain erect trunk and knees bent

Question 38

What is the first clinical sign of osteoporosis?

Answer 38

Loss of height

Question 39

What are the most common symptoms of musculoskeletal impairment?

Answer 39

Pain, weakness, deformity, limitation of movement, stiffness, and joint crepitation (crackling)

Question 40

Patient teaching for older adults to prevent falls

Answer 40

``` Shoes with good support Gradually increase activities Rise slowly Avoid uneven surfaces Install/use grab bars in bathrooms Use ramps Eliminate scatter rugs Use a walker or cane Eat well-balanced diet Get regular exercise ```

Question 41

Acceptable body temperature range:

Answer 41

96.8-100.4

Question 42

True or False, no single temperature is normal for people

Answer 42

TRUE

Question 43

What part of the brain controls body temperature?

Answer 43

Hypothalamus