Musculoskeletal Conditions Flashcards
(17 cards)
What are the three main musculoskeletal conditions discussed in the module?
Osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, and back problems.
What is osteoarthritis?
A degenerative joint disease affecting the whole joint, causing pain, stiffness, inflammation, cartilage damage, and bone spurs.
Which joints are commonly affected by osteoarthritis?
Knees, hips, finger joints, and the big toe.
What are key risk factors for osteoarthritis?
Age, obesity, injury/overuse, genetics, and muscle weakness.
How does physical activity impact osteoarthritis?
Moderate activity strengthens muscles and supports joints, reducing symptoms; excessive activity can worsen joint stress.
Recommended physical activity for adults with arthritis?
30–60 minutes of moderate-intensity PA, 3–5 times per week.
What is osteoporosis?
A condition where bones become thin, weak, and fragile, increasing the risk of fractures from minimal trauma.
What accelerates bone loss in osteoporosis?
Physical inactivity, low calcium/vitamin D, hormonal changes, smoking, alcohol, caffeine, and low body weight.
How much bone mineral density can immobilized patients lose in one year?
Up to 40%.
What types of exercise benefit individuals with osteoporosis?
Weight-bearing and resistance training, especially short, frequent bouts with rest periods.
How does exercise help bone health?
It increases mechanical strain, stimulating bone formation and remodeling.
What percentage of Australians are affected by back problems?
16%.
Why is exercise therapy recommended for chronic back pain?
It strengthens muscles, reduces pain, and is more effective than rest, which can weaken muscles.
What are common symptoms and challenges with back problems?
Pain, co-morbidities, and impaired function of bones, joints, muscles, and nerves.
Name three physiological adaptations to physical activity.
Increased muscular strength, bone mineral density, and aerobic capacity (VO2max).
Name two biomechanical adaptations from regular exercise.
Improved movement economy and balance.
Name two behavioral adaptations from physical activity.
Increased self-confidence and decreased anxiety or depression.
