Musculoskeletal Definitions

Question 1

Lateral movement of a body part away from the midline of the body

Answer 1

Abduction

Question 2

Lateral movement of a body part toward the midline of the body

Answer 2

Adduction

Question 3

In a standing and sitting position a straight line can be drawn from the ear through the shoulder
and hip. In bed, the head, shoulders, and hips are aligned.

Answer 3

Alignment

Question 4

The rounded head of one bone fits into a cuplike cavity in the other. (Shoulder and hip joints) Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation can occur.

Answer 4

Ball + Socket Joint

Question 5

Non-vascular connective tissue found in the joints as well as in the nose, ear, thorax, trachea, and
larynx.

Answer 5

Cartilage

Question 6

Movement of the distal part of the limb to trace a complete circle while the proximal end of
the bone remains fixed. Example: The leg is outstretched and moved in a circle.

Answer 6

Circumduction

Question 7

The oval head of one bone fits into a shallow cavity of another bone. (Wrist joint)
Flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction can occur.

Answer 7

Condyloid Joints

Question 8

Backward bending of the hand or foot.

Answer 8

Dorsiflexion

Question 9

Movement of the sole of the foot outward (occurs at the ankle).

Answer 9

Eversion

Question 10

The state of being in a straight line

Answer 10

Extension

Question 11

A body part turning on its axis away from the midline of the body.

Answer 11

External Rotation

Question 12

Thin bones that contribute to shape. The ribs and several of the skull bones are flat bones.

Answer 12

Flat Bones

Question 13

The state of being bent

Answer 13

Flexion

Question 14

The manner or style of walking. Normal finding: head erect, vertebrae straight, knees and feet point forward, arms at side with elbows flexed, arms swing freely in alteration with leg swings.

Answer 14

Gait

Question 15

Articular surfaces are flat. (Carpal bones of wrist and tarsal bones of feet) Flexion, extension, abduction and adduction can occur.

Answer 15

Gliding Joint

Question 16

Refers to weakness of one half of the body.

Answer 16

Hemiparesis

Question 17

Paralysis of one half of the body.

Answer 17

Hemiplegia

Question 18

A spool-like surface of one bone fits into a concave surface of another bone. (Elbow, knee, and
ankle joints) Only flexion and extension can occur.

Answer 18

Hinge Joint

Question 19

The state of exaggerated extension.

Answer 19

Hyperextension

Question 20

A body part turning on its axis toward the midline of the body

Answer 20

Internal Rotation

Question 21

Movement of the sole of the foot inward (occurs at the ankle)

Answer 21

Inversion

Question 22

An increased thoracic spinal curve. More often seen in older adults

Answer 22

Kyphosis

Question 23

Tough fibrous bands that bind joints together and connect bones and cartilage

Answer 23

Ligaments

Question 24

Found in the upper and lower extremities contribute to height and length.

Answer 24

Long Bones

Question 25

An exaggerated lumbar curve is often seen during pregnancy or in obesity.

Answer 25

Lordosis

Question 26

decreased muscle mass due to disuse or neurologic | impairment

Answer 26

Atrophy

Question 27

is increased muscle mass resulting from exercise.

Answer 27

Hypertrophy

Question 28

The slight residual tension that remains in a resting normal muscle with an intact nerve supply

Answer 28

Muscle Tone

Question 29

Decreased tone resulting from disuse or neurologic impairments

Answer 29

Flaccidity

Question 30

increased tone that | interferes with movement, also caused by neurologic impairments.

Answer 30

Spasticity

Question 31

Paralysis of the legs.

Answer 31

Paraplegia

Question 32

Impaired muscle strength or weakness

Answer 32

Paresis

Question 33

A ringlike structure that turns on a pivot. (Joints between the proximal ends of the radius and the ulna) Movement is limited to rotation.

Answer 33

Pivot Joint

Question 34

Flexion of the foot. (foot drop)

Answer 34

Plantar Flexion

Question 35

The assumption of the prone position.

Answer 35

Pronation

Question 36

Paralysis of the arms and legs

Answer 36

Quadriplegia

Question 37

The complete extent of movement of which a joint is normally capable.

Answer 37

Range of Motion

Question 38

the patient independently moves joints through their full range of motion

Answer 38

Active ROM

Question 39

the nurse may provide minimal support.

Answer 39

Active-Assistive ROM

Question 40

the patient is unable to move independently and the nurse moves each joint through its range of motion.

Answer 40

Passive ROM

Question 41

Turning on an axis.

Answer 41

Rotation

Question 42

Bone surfaces are convex on one side and concave on the other. (Joint between the trapezium and metacarpal of the thumb) Movements are side to side and back and forth.

Answer 42

Saddle Joint

Question 43

A lateral curvature of the spine with increased convexity on the side that is curved.

Answer 43

Scolosis

Question 44

located in the wrist and ankle contribute to movement

Answer 44

Short Bones

Question 45

The assumption of the supine position.

Answer 45

Supination

Question 46

Strong, flexible, inelastic fibrous bands that attach muscle to bone

Answer 46

Tendons